Polymerases
Synthesizes in a template dependant manner
What is RNA Polymerase?
__ instead of T
Uracil; What is unique about RNA compared to DNA?
introns are removed from mRNA transcript
What is an example of Post Transcriptional Modification?
+ 200 points if you can explain how this process occurs
Replication that occurs within the cell requiring different enzymes
What is in vitro replication?
Almost looks like a hand
What is polymerase's appearance?
Palm, thumbs, fingers
Uses A, T, C, G, U nucleotides
Polymerase can be build DNA or RNA complimentary to DNA strand
proteins that assist in the recognition of, and regulation of gene expression
What is a transcription factor?
What is the site of transcription?
Helicase, Primase, Gyrase, SSB, Ligase
What enzymes are needed to facilitate in vitro replication?
What is telomerase?
Makes 1 in 1 million mistakes, Descrive exonuclease function
What is DNA Polymerase's accuracy?
(very high)
Nontemplate.
What strand is mRNA Complimentary to?
(Answer: template)
"Bind-Bond-Move"
What is the process for DNA Elongation in translation?
Why do we need an RNA Primer?
DNA Polymerase cannot initiate synthesis "de novo", or on its own
A protein used to keep Enzymes on replication fork
What is a Clamp Protein?
____ dependant ____ polymerase
How should DNA Polymerase's be described in Dr. Clark's class?
-10 and -35 bp in promoter region
Where does transcription begin in prokaryotes? How is this recognized?
What is the function of Ef-tu and Ef-G?
Ef-tu --> Brings appropriate amino acid via tRNA
Ef-G --> Moves over the amino acid sequence after peptide bond has formed
Fragments that occur on the lagging strand
What are okazaki fragments?
Uses a Heat Stable Polymerase (Taq)
What is PCR?
+ 200 points if you can explain each step
Adds to the ____ end
What end do DNA Polymerase's add onto? (3')
Forms a hairpin loop
What is intrinsic termination?
A form of termination in transcription.
How did scientists figure out the specific sequences within the Genetic Code?
grind up E.coli
get rid of preexisting mRNA
add RNA
new protein will be made!
add radioactive amino acids (to be able to detect which amino acids end up in the protein)
add a specific RNA sequence (UUA UUA UUA UUA) - and see what protein it makes
Towards the Replication Fork
What direction does the leading strand go?
Keeps Strand apart
What is a SSB?
Binding protein that prevents DNA Strand from winding back into double helix formation