Unit 1
what is the acronym for the 8 processes of living things?
STERNGRR
What is the smallest unit of matter?
Atom
What happens during the S phase of interphase?
DNA is replicated
What do enzymes do?
Quicken the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy cost.
What is natural selection and how does it occur?
the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change over time. It is caused by overproduction, competition, variation, and survival.
What are unicellular organisms?
Ex. Bacteria
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids tied together with a peptide bond.
What are the mitosis stages, and what is their correct order?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is the active site?
The area on the enzyme that binds the substrate.
What are the 4 ways to find evidence of evolution?
1. Fossil evidence
2. comparative anatomy
3. comparative biochemistry
4. comparative embryology
What does the mitochondria do?
Makes ATP(energy) for the cell
What are the nitrogen bases in RNA
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil
Meiosis creates genetically unique offspring, while mitosis creates genetically identical offspring.
What is passive transport, and what are examples?
The molecules move with the concentration gradient(high to low), does not require any energy.
Ex. Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis
What are the 5 types of learning?
Habituation - an organism decreases or ceases to respond to a stimulus after repeated presentations.
Classical conditioning - making an association between two stimuli.
Operant conditioning - a behavior is strengthened or weakened based on reward or punishment.
Trial and error learning - repeated and varied attempts until success.
Insight learning - applying pre-known knowledge to a new situation
What are the different objective lens magnifications?
Low: 4X
Medium: 10X
High: 40X
What are the steps of translation?
1. mRNA enters the ribosome
2. tRNA lines up w/ mRNA codon that matches its anticodon
3. Each tRNA has a specific amino acid
4. Amino acids are then joined together by peptide bonds to form a PROTEIN
What is codominance?
Both alleles are expressed equally.
Where does photosynthesis occur?
The leaves of a plant, in the chloroplast.
What is reproductive isolation?
anything that prevents members of a species from producing offspring with members of another population of that species.
What is cell theory?
States that all living things are made of cells, cells are the most basic unit of life, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Turn this DNA strand into amino acids
T A G C A T G A C C C T G A T
Ile, Val, Leu, Gly, Leu
What type of inheritance does Huntingtons disease have?
Autosomal Dominant
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy(ATP)
What is the primordial soup theory?
The theory that if energy is added to the gasses that made up Earth's early atmosphere, the building blocks of life would be created