Vocabulary
Any tool used for practical purposes, ranging from a simple pencil to a computer.
What is technology?
Name the four global spheres described in Unit 1
What are the hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere?
Which of these organelles is found strictly in plant cells? A) Mitochondria B) Ribosomes C) Chloroplast D) Golgi apparatus.
What is C) Chloroplast?
Compare the directional responses of positive feedback and negative feedback loops.
What is: Positive feedback continues or amplifies a change in the same direction, whereas negative feedback moves in the opposite direction to reverse the stimulus and restore balance?
Ecological hierarchy: Organism → Population → Community → ________ → Biome → Biosphere.
What is Ecosystem?
This factor is considered something that is not alive and actively contributes to the environment.
What is an abiotic factor?
List the four primary animal tissue types and state the primary function of epithelial tissue.
What are epithelial (protective lining), nervous, connective, and muscular tissue?
What is considered the single most important quality during bioengineering design? A) Cost B) Aesthetics C) Safety D) Speed.
What is C) Safety?
Contrast criteria and constraints within the engineering design process.
What is: Criteria are necessary requirements for success, while constraints are potential problems or limiting factors?
In homeostatic regulation, a ________ detects a stimulus and sends information to the control center.
What is a receptor?
This separates the organisms' inside from their outside environment.
What is a boundary?
Trace the chronological sequence of components in a homeostatic response loop starting from an imbalance.
What is stimulus → receptor → control center → effector → response?
Which item serves as an input in a mobile phone system? A) Sound vibrations emitted by speakers B) Radio signals received by the phone C) Heat released by the battery D) Light emitted from the screen.
What is B) Radio signals received by the phone?
Contrast plant cells and animal cells regarding unique organelle structures.
What is: Plant cells contain cell walls, chloroplasts, and central vacuoles, which are absent in animal cells?
________ is used to raise blood sugar levels when low, while insulin is needed to lower blood sugar when high.
What is Glucagon?
The fundamental biological process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment
What is homeostasis?
Describe what the body does when blood glucose levels rise above normal.
What is the release of insulin to lower blood glucose back to a normal set point?
One type of fish that the scientist is studying is able to actively uptake salt through its gills. How would this ability aid a fish to maintain homeostasis? Circle the letter of the correct answer.
A. It would help prevent a fish in salt water from having too much salt in its blood.
B. It would help prevent a fish in salt water from having not enough salt in its blood.
C. It would help prevent a fish in fresh water from having too much salt in its blood.
D. It would help prevent a fish in fresh water from having not enough salt in its blood.
D. It would help prevent a fish in fresh water from having not enough salt in its blood.
Compare a life cycle analysis with a cost-benefit analysis in technology evaluation.
What is: A life cycle analysis evaluates environmental impacts across all stages of a product, while a cost-benefit analysis weighs financial costs against anticipated benefits?
Combining biological principles with technology to improve human health and longevity is called ________.
What is biotechnology
Required conditions and goals needed for engineering design success, distinguished from constraints
What are criteria?
Explain the principle of cell differentiation in living organisms.
What is the process where unspecialized cells mature into specialized cell types with unique structures and functions?
In the trachea there is a layer of epithelial cells called the respiratory mucosa, which contains specialized cells that produce mucus. These specialized cells are called goblet cells and the function of the mucus is to keep the trachea moist. What is this an example of?
A.) Cells working together to maintain homeostasis, B.) Cells working together to produce energy for the body, C.) Organs working together to maintain homeostasis, D.) Organs working together to produce energy for the body.
A. Cells working together to maintain homeostasis.
Compare living systems and nonliving systems regarding boundaries and components.
What is: Both living and nonliving systems have boundaries and interacting components, but living systems perform homeostasis and exhibit biological hierarchical organization?
__________ are used by plants in order to increase the amount of carbon dioxide taken in, in order to accomplish photosynthesis.
What are the stomata?