Nature of Life
What are the four types of macromolecules?
Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
Dr. Anderson was looking an organism and noticed it was single cellular, had no nucleus, only one chromosome, and was a bacteria. What type of cell is this?
Prokaryote
What type of transport can be described as the movement of small particles from an area of high to low concentration?
What process allows plants to capture energy from the sun and turn it into glucose?
Photosynthesis
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate?
S phase
A biologist wants to study how different concentrations of salt in soil affect the rate of photosynthesis in bean plants. What is the independent and dependent variables?
IV: Concentrations of salt
DV: Rate of photosynthesis
This cell organelle stores extra water and salt for the organism
Vacuole
What is the movement of water called?
Osmosis
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
CO2 + Sun + H20 --> O2 + Glucose
List the 5 steps of the cell cycle in order
G1, S, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
What bond holds the oxygen and hydrogen atoms together within a water molecule?
Covalent bond
This cell organelle sorts, packages, and modifies proteins
Golgi apparatus
What does active transport require?
Energy
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
To create energy from food
Why does DNA need to be replicated before the M phase?
To ensure that each new cell has a copy of DNA
A scientist observes that when a person’s blood sugar level rises after eating, their pancreas releases insulin to bring the sugar level back to normal.
Which characteristic of life does this process best represent?
Homeostasis
This cell organelle produces carbohydrates
Smooth ER
A membrane separates a solution with a high concentration of protein on the right side of the beaker from a solution with a low concentration of protein on the left side of the beaker. Will the water move across the membrane? If so, which way?
Yes; Water will move to the right
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
O2 + Glucose --> CO2 + H20 + ATP (energy)
Which phase of mitosis is represented as the nucleus disappearing and the chromosomes becoming visible
Prophase
Name the four monomers per macromolecule and what each macromolecule does. (there should be 8 answers)
Lipids: fatty acids and glycerol; protect cell membrane
Proteins: amino acids; transports things, controls reactions, fight diseases, regulate cell processes
Carbohydrates: monosaccharides; quick energy
Nucleic acids: nucleotides; carries genetic code
Name THREE differences between plant and animal cells
Plants have a chloroplast, cell wall, large vacuole, are square shaped
A student places a gummy bear in a cup of salty water overnight. If osmosis is occurring, what will happen to the gummy bear?
The gummy bear will shrink or become smaller and firmer
Where does cellular respiration occur? And what process will occur if the organism runs out of oxygen and cannot perform cellular respiration?
Mitochondria; fermentation
What is the purpose of mitosis? And what can happen if mitosis is sped up uncontrollably?
To grow and heal; cancer results