What are the four characteristics of inflammation?
What is redness, swelling, pain and heat.
100
What are the two main functions of the excretory system?
What is to preserve a water/salt balance and to remove waste.
100
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Which is more efficient (produces more ATP)?
What is the presence of oxygen. Aerobic respiration is more efficient.
200
Name the 5 main organs in the digestive system
What is mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and the large intestine
200
Which type of blood vessel takes oxygenated blood away from the heart?
What are arteries.
200
How can a low-grade fever be beneficial for an infection?
A fever can raise the temperature of the body enough to kill off the pathogen causing the infection.
200
Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
What is through the lining of the alveoli.
200
What sensations can the skin detect?
What is pressure/touch, temperature and pain
300
What is the name of the enzyme that begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth?
What is salivary amylase.
300
Of arteries and veins, which is under lower pressure?
What are veins.
300
What are the two types of defenses discussed in class? Give an example of each with your answer.
What is non-specific (inflammation) and specific (antibody-mediated response)
300
What do the kidneys do to blood and what are the functional units of the kidneys (i.e. what part of the kidney does most of the work)?
What is they filter blood and the nephron in the functional unit of kidneys.
300
What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration?
What is glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle and the cytochrome system.
400
What is the name of the muscular contractions that help move food down the esophagus?
What is peristalsis.
400
Where does pulmonary circulation occur?
What is in the lungs.
400
How is active immunity developed? How is passive immunity developed?
What is active immunity develops when you have been exposed to the pathogen. Passive immunity develops when you are given antibodies from another source (you don't make them).
400
What is the name of the muscle that controls breathing? What happens with it contracts? What happens when it relaxes?
What is the diaphragm. When it contracts you inhale, when it relaxes you exhale.
400
What organ in the ear is responsible for our sense of balance?
Semi-circular canals
500
What substance does the liver produce and what does this substance do?
What is bile. Bile is an emulsifier that breaks up lipids.
500
What is blood plasma made up of?
What is water, plasma proteins, serum proteins and nutrients/gases.
500
What kind of immune cell activates killer (cytotoxic) T-cells and B-cells when a pathogen is detected?
What are the helper T cells (they are described as the "master switch" of the immune system).
500
Name the parts of the excretory system in order following the flow of filtrate.
Kidney - ureter - bladder - urethra
500
What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration? How does it compare with the formula for photosynthesis?
What is C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy. It is the reverse formula for photosynthesis.