BIO102 Review

Organelles

100

This organelle is responsible for the production of ATP 

Mitochondria 

200

Transcription (DNA --> mRNA) occurs in this central organelle

Nucleus

300

This organelle is responsible for lipid production for the use in membrane biogenesis 

Endoplasmic Reticulum 

400

This component is the cellular machinery for protein synthesis

Ribosomes

500

This double membraned spherical organelle transports cellular waste to the lysosome where it then aids in the degradation of cellular waste

Autophagosome 

Cytoskeleton

100

This cytoskeleton component has the greatest tensile strength which allows cells to withstand mechanical stress

Intermediate filaments

200

Microtubules are made up of series of heterodimers, alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin. Which tubulin subunit can hydrolyze GTP into GDP?

Beta-tubulin

300

Microtubules experience dynamic instability but depolymerization can be regulated by the formation of what type of cap at the end of the microtubule?

GTP cap

400

Filopodia and lamellipodia are involved in cellular movement mediated by this cytoskeleton component

Actin

500

Perpendicular formation of actin proteins is mediated by this complex 

ARP complex

Protein Structure

100

Proteins are made up of long polypeptide chains of what macromolecule? 

Amino acids

200

Beta sheets are common structures formed by this non-covalent backbone-backbone interaction 

Hydrogen Bonds

300

Hydrophobic forces play an key role in this level of protein structure 

Tertiary  

400

Alpha helixes can come together to form this common motif which helps shield hydrophobic R-groups

Coiled coil

500

When two protein monomers come together they form what kind of quaternary structure 

Dimer 

Enzymes

100

True or False. Enzymes are lipid molecules that catalyze biological reactions in the cell. 

If false, change the phrase to be true. 

False, Protein 

200

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by decreasing what threshold value? 

Activation Energy 

300

Enzymes for a high or low energy intermediate which helps catalyze the reaction. 

High energy

400

When a substrate binds to the enzyme, the enzyme will go through this kind of change 

Conformational change

500

Enzymes can be regulated in a variety of ways. When a ligand binds to the enzyme at a site other than the active site, this reversible process is called what type of regulation

Allosteric Regulation

Bioenergetics

100

Is an increase in disorder (∆S) is favorable or unfavorable? Provide the sign (+/-) of ∆S with your response. 

Favorable, +∆S

200

Photosynthesis (equation below) is an example of an endo or exothermic reaction, provide the sign for ∆H with your answer. 

CO₂ + H₂O + Sunlight --> C₆H₁₂O₆  + O₂

Endothermic, +∆H

300

If the reactants have more energy than the products, the reaction is endo or exothermic? What is the sign of ∆H?

Exothermic, -∆H

400

Coupled reactions are important for cellular function. In the cell, this type of favorable reaction can be used to fuel this type of unfavorable reaction? 

Exergonic, Endergonic 

500

If a reaction is endothermic and has a decrease in entropy, will the reaction be spontaneous or non-spontaneous? Provide the sign (+/-) of the ∆G

Non-spontaneous, +∆G