Life, scientific thinking, and natural selection
The first step of the scientific method.
What is an observation?
What is diploid?
A term describing when one species benefits and the other is unaffected?
What is commensalism?
In a DNA strand, the base cytosine (C) will always pair with.
What is guanine?
The evolutionary trait is linked to narrowed human pelvises and early childbirth?
What is bipedalism?
What is homeostasis?
The specific step where crossing over occurs.
What is Prophase I of meiosis?
A species of fast-growing freshwater snail is introduced to a lake. It eats a wide range of plants, reproduces quickly, and has no predators in the area. After one year, native species begin to decline.
Is this species like to be invasive? Why?
Yes; it reproduces rapidly and has no natural predators
The process in which an mRNA strand is used to make a protein?
What is translation?
The layer in our atmosphere that protects us from harmful UV radiation. A hole formed in it, but has been healing after international regulations were put in place.
What is the ozone?
The type of natural selection where a median or average trait is favored, as opposed to extreme traits.
What is stabilizing selection?
A diploid human skin cell has 46 chromosomes.
How many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis?
How many chromosomes will be in each gamete after meiosis?
1. 46 chromosomes (identical diploid cells from mitosis) 2N -> 2N (two)
2. 23 chromosomes (haploid gametes from meiosis) 2N -> 1N (four)
The process of an ancient prokaryote engulfing other bacteria, leading to eukaryotic cells.
What is endosymbiotic theory?
The protein that vaccine scientists target when creating mRNA vaccines.
What is a spike protein?
In a species of birds, males display elaborate courtship dances with bright feathers to attract females. Meanwhile, males of a related species compete directly by fighting for control of nest sites that females need to lay eggs.
Which types of sexual selection are illustrated in these two bird species?
The first is intersexual; the second is intrasexual
The following scenario describes a type of natural selection. In certain coastal regions, individuals who carry one copy of the cystic fibrosis allele (CF) appear to have increased resistance to cholera, a severe diarrheal disease. Those with two normal alleles are more vulnerable to infection, while those with two CF alleles develop cystic fibrosis, a life-threatening genetic disorder.
What is heterozygote advantage?
An event during cell division that increases genetic diversity by randomly distributing maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes.
What is independent assortment?
A feature land plants needed to evolve when they transitioned from the ocean that helps with water availability constraints?
The feature of a DNA molecule that helps provide stability and protect the internal genetic code.
An animal has a hard shell they can retreat inside and has a strong muscle that suction-cups them in place. This helps anchor the animal in one place. Where would you expect to find this animal?
The rocky intertidal.
The Namib desert beetle collects drinking water from fog using bumps on its back that attract water droplets, which then slide into its mouth. Engineers studying this beetle have designed fog-catching nets and self-filling water bottles for use in arid regions. At the same time, certain desert plants have evolved similar surface structures to harvest water from air.
Which two concepts are best illustrated by these examples?
A. Artificial selection and convergent evolution
B. Biomimicry and random mutation
C. Convergent evolution and biomimicry
D. Speciation and coevolution
C. Convergent evolution and biomimicry
Albinism is a recessive trait. A man who is a carrier for albinism marries a woman who has albinism. What is the probability that their child will not have albinism? What would their genotype be?
50%; heterocygous (Aa)
The structural feature of fungi that they use to digest their food.
What is hyphae?
The structure within bacteria that is important for horizontal gene transfer to occur; used by scientists in transgenics.
What is a plasmid?
A newly discovered animal species has tissues and organs. They don't have a notochord, but they develope their mouths first in early development. How would you classify this animal?
A protostome.