Early Evolution
Variation
Natural Selection
Tree-thinking
Mutation
Phylogenetic Trees
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Genetic Drift
100
This theory suggests that the earth is only 6000 years old and that species do not change once created.
What is the Special Creation Theory?
100
Change in allele frequencies across generations
Evolution
100
Variation, heritability, non-random survival and reproduction.
What are the requirements for natural selection to occur?
100
A clade that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants
What is monophyly?
100
The fitness effect of most new mutations.
What is deleterious?
100
A taxa or species with a known evolutionary relationship.
What is an outgroup?
100
Mutation, migration, selection, drift
What are the 4 processes that can cause allele frequencies to change?
100
This occurs when only a few individuals survive to the next generation
What is a bottleneck?
200
This theory was the first to consider environmental impact on trait evolution and suggested that life has originated many times.
What is Lamarck's theory of evolution?
200
The ultimate source of genetic variation.
What is mutation?
200
Dogs and Darwin's pigeons
What are examples of artificial selection?
200
The most closely-related extant lineage of a given species.
What is a sister species?
200
This kind of mutation does not produce a change in protein structure
What is synonymous?
200
The degree of statistical support for a particular branch on a phylogenetic tree
What is a bootstrap value?
200
Individuals choose their mates at random
What is an assumption of populations under HWE?
200
These populations experience genetic drift.
What are all real world populations?
300
Geology and Astronomy
What are the foundations of evolutionary theory?
300
Genes, Environment, and Gene-by-Environment interactions
What determines an individual's phenotype?
300
Genes are passed on from parents to offspring in an intact form.
What is particulate inheritance?
300
A term for a derived trait.
What is apomorphy?
300
Organisms with more than two sets of chromosomes
What are polyploids?
300
Similarity in traits NOT due to recent common ancestry.
What is homplasy?
300
Can produce B or b gametes
What is an individual that is Bb?
300
Where genetic drift will be stronger than natural selection.
What is in small populations?
400
The prevailing geologic theory of the 17th century that said Earth's major geological features arose through sudden cataclysmic, large-scale events.
What is catastrophism?
400
Individuals having different phenotypes in different environments
What is phenotypic plasticity?
400
Darwin's theories were integrated with genetics resulting in a consensus between geneticists, systematists, and paleontologists.
What is the modern synthesis?
400
The organism/population that gave rise to a particular pair or groups of organisms
What is a Most Recent Common Ancestor?
400
mutant alleles counterbalance selection against those alleles, keeping them at equilibrium
What is mutation-selection balance?
400
What is incomplete lineage sorting?
400
p2 , 2pq, and q2
What are the expected genotype frequencies of a population at HWE at a locus?
400
A value that is always greater than the effective population size.
What is the census population?
500
Selective breeding, fossils, observations of natural populations, vestigial structures
What is evidence we have that populations change over time?
500
A trait that can serve a new function without evolutionary modification.
What is a preadaptation?
500
Traits that are characteristic of physics, evolved by another mechanism, or are a consequence of phylogenetic history.
What are non-adaptive traits?
500
Indicates uncertain evolutionary relationship by having more than 2 branches.
What is polytomy?
500
When a deleterious mutation increases in frequency due to selection at a linked locus
What is genetic hitchhiking?
500
Movement of genes between species caused by hybridization or horizontal gene transfer.
What is introgression?
500
Has allele frequencies that change each generation
What is a population not under HWE?
500
This measurement of genetic diversity is lower in small populations.
What is heterozygosity?