The Cell Cycle
The 3 phases of the cell cycle are...
Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis
2
Mitogens promote/stop cell replication
promote
DNA stands for...
Deoxyribonucleic acid
The highest level of cell potency is...
Totipotent
3 phases of interphase are...
G1, S, G2
The stages of mitosis are...
PMAT - Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
DNA is lost at the ________ of the chromosome at each cell division
Telomeres
The 4 nucleic bases are...
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
3-5 days (blastocyst stage)
and their functions are...
grow organelles, double in size, replicates DNA
Prophase is when...
Chromosomes become visable and spindles forms
A cause of necrosis is...
lack of oxygen/physical damage
Define the term diploid
Having 2 sets of chromosomes
The 3 germ layers are...
Mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm
Define the G 0 phase and when it occurs
The 'rest' phase, when conditions are not right for replication
Define binary fission
Asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms
Apoptotic bodies form to prevent...
an inappropriate immune response
A syncytium is formed by...
The fusing of many separate cells
gametes
Nucleus:Cytoplasm must be maintained because
Allows nucleus to effectively control the many reactions occurring within the cytoplasm.
2 differences between binary fission and mitosis are...
BF - reproduction, prokaryotic
Mitosis - growth/repair, eukaryotic
The 6 steps of apoptosis are...
Caspases, Separation, Cytoskeleton collapse, Cell shrinkage, Blebbing, Apoptotic bodies
Outline how the cell detects defects in DNA
G1 and G2 checkpoints
3 types of cells that Haematopoietic stem cells differentiate to...
platelets, lymphocytes, macrophages