Getting In and Out
These protein channels are specifically designed to let water molecules pass through the cell membrane.
What are aquaporins?
Pyruvate is the substrate for this enzyme.
What is pyruvate dehydrogenase?
The Krebbs Cycle occurs in this part of the cell.
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
The electron transport chain is located here.
What is the inner mitochondrial membrane?
These facilitate the passage of molecules across membranes using no energy.
What are channels?
This is a protein that is a biological catalyst, increasing rates of chemical reactions.
What is an enzyme?
The energy released in glycolysis, after the glucose is split in half, is captured in two of each of these two molecules.
What is ATP and NADH?
The Krebbs Cycle involves this many different enzymes
What is eight?
This is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
What is oxygen?
These actively pump molecules to establish a concentration gradient, using energy.
What are carriers?
This is a term for when a substance is taken up by a cell by formation of an intracellular vesicle. The vesicle is formed by the substance pressing on the plasma membrane to the point it fuses.
What is endocytosis?
During the oxidation of pyruvate, NAD+ forms this.
What is NADH?
When ATP levels are high, fat is made using this important intermediate. When ATP levels are low, the same important intermediate is sent to the Krebbs Cycle to produce more energy. The important intermediate is called...
What is Acetyl CoA?
While electrons are being passed from one molecule to another in the electron transport chain, hydrogen ions are being pumped from the matrix to this part of the cell.
What is the intermembrane space?
Movement of molecules through channels is often called this.
What is facilitate diffusion?
This is a means of getting molecules out of the cell. A vesicle inside the cell fuses with the cell membrane.
What is exocytosis?
This reaction happens in glycolysis.
What is oxidation?
Carbon dioxide is released at these two intermediates in the Krebbs Cycle.
What are isocitric acid and ketoglutaric acid?
ATP synthase can be thought of as the machine that makes ATP, fueled by the hydrogen ion battery. As hydrogen ions go through ATP synthase, ATP gets created. This process of making ATP by diffusion of hydrogen ions across a membrane is called this.
What is Chemiosmosis?
The movement of molecules through a pump is called this.
These are substances or circumstances that effect enzymes and decrease their activity.
What are enzyme inhibitors?
During the oxidation of pyruvate, the acetyl group combines with a coenzyme, creating this important intermediate.
What is acetyl CoA?
FADH2 is released at this intermediate in the Krebbs Cycle.
What is Succinic acid?
Electrons flow from one molecule to another in the electron transport chain. Electrons will move toward molecules with a higher potential of this.
What is oxidation?