You can't detect anything without a receptor
Mechanoreceptors
Information passed along ascending tracts are:
SENSORY or MOTOR?
Sensory information
The two branches of the autonomic nervous system are the _______ and _____.
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
Which part of our eye anatomy is required for focusing and refracting light?
The lens
What is dual innervation?
Organ targets that are innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches (both)
What type of receptor detects pain signals?
Nociceptors
Both ascending and descending tracts are made of: __________
white matter
Information flowing from the brain to the body using the corticospinal, lateral, and medial pathway would target what effectors?
These are descending tracts associated with somatic... so skeletal muscles are the target
Both hearing and equilibrium use specialized receptive cells called __________.
Hair cells.
Where in the brain does auditory information need to travel for us to have conscious perception of the noise?
Auditory cortex (cerebrum)
Which class of receptors is also known as fast-adapting receptors?
Phasic Receptors
The somatic division of the efferent nervous system sends motor commands to WHAT targets?
Skeletal muscles
Much of the motor output of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system travels through which cranial nerve?
Vagus (CN X)
The hearing organ of the inner ear is called the _______.
Someone experiencing a gallbladder attack may feel pain in their right shoulder. What is this phenomenon called?
Referred pain
Sensory receptor adaptation means ...?
Adaptation reduces receptor sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus
Information line crude touch, pressure, pain, and temperature travel from the body to the brain using what pathway?
Spinothalamic Pathway
What are some effectors of the autonomic division?
Smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and fat
What are the four main tastes that our tongues can detect?
sour bitter sweet and salty
The brain behaves differently at different stages of sleep: True or False?
True.
REM: brain waves are different
DEEP: brain waves are similar to that of awakeness
The general senses (touch, vibration, temperature and pain) utilize WHAT nerve structure present around the body?
Free Nerve Endings
Which neuron would you find relaying information from relay centers to conscious centers of the cerebrum?
1st, 2nd, or 3rd order neurons
3rd order neurons
Motor commands that enable increased heart rate, increased focus, and slowed digestion would be a result of _______________ activation.
Sympathetic -- fight or flight, stress response
How many different smells can the human nose differentiate?
2000-4000
Many of our special senses utilize the thalamus as a relay center before reaching conscious centers. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE.
Most does have to relay in the thalamus.
Smell is the only unique one which can bypass this and go directly to olfactory conscious centers.