Vocab
This is the selective breeding of animals and plants to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits.
What is artificial selection?
This is a medical disease often seen in people of African descent, but it does not mean there is an association between skin color and this trait.
What is sickle cell disease?
This is used to compare homologous characters in a group of organisms, such a the presence/absence of a nucleotide at a certain position in a gene, to reconstruct relationships.
What is a molecular phylogenetic tree?
A concept that defines species as a groups of organisms that look similar to one another.
What is the morphological species concept?
This is the exchange of genetic material between paired chromosomes during meiosis.
What is genetic recombination?
Lactase persistence evolved independently in Africa and Europe because of this occurrence?
What is cattle domestication?
This contends that humans evolved in East Africa and then dispersed to populate the rest of the world.
What is the Out of Africa hypothesis?
This is the evolution of new species within a contiguous population that still has extensive gene flow.
What is sympatric speciation?
This type of selection favors individuals in the middle of the distribution of phenotypes present in a population.
What is stabilizing selection?
This is an environmental reason why Kenyans may be fast runners.
What is they live at high altitudes?
The creation of a phylogenetic tree of HIV showed that HIV has multiple origins, indicating that HIV evolved via this.
What convergent evolution?
This is an aspect of the genetics, behavior, ecology, or physiology of a species that prevents the sperm from one species from fertilizing eggs of another species.
This occurs when genetic material from different strains is mixed into new combinations within a single cell.
What is viral reassortment?
Using this concept, one could argue that humans and Neanderthals are the same species because they could interbreed with one another.
What is the biological species concept?
This is a homologous gene resulting from gene duplication events.
What is a paralog?
Vicariance events and founder events are two types of this phenomenon.
What is allopatric speciation?
This theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotes who were engulfed by a host cell.
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
Long term stress induced by racism can affect the expression of genes through this kind of modification.
What is epigenetics?
This is a method used to determine time based on base pair substitutions.
What is a molecular clock?
A donkey is an example of this, which occurs when two species with different numbers of chromosomes mate.
What is allopolyploidy?