BIO.1A.2
BIO.1A.3
BIO.1B.1
BIO.1B.2
BIO.1C.1
BIO.1C.2
100
What are the three main parts of the cell theory?
1. All living things are made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
100
What is the correct order of biological organization from smallest to largest?
Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism
100
Which macromolecule is the body's main source of quick energy?
Carbohydrates
100
What is the location on an enzyme where a substrate binds called?
Active site
100
Which organelle stores DNA and controls the cell?
Nucleus
100
What is one major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotes have a nucleus; prokaryotes do not.
200
Which scientist first observed cork and named the tiny boxes "cells"?
Robert Hooke
200
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets together are an example of which level?
Tissue (blood tissue)
200
Which macromolecule is made of amino acids?
Proteins
200
Why does increasing temperature from 25°C to 37°C speed up an enzyme reaction?
It moves closer to the enzyme's optimal temperature.
200
Which organelle makes ATP energy?
Mitochondria
200
Which type of cell has membrane-bound organelles?
Eukaryotic cells
300
Which scientist concluded that all plants are made of cells?
Matthias Schleiden
300
A group of tissues work together to pump blood. Which organ is this?
Heart
300
Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
300
What happens to enzymes at extremely high temperatures?
They denature and lose shape.
300
A protein is made by ribosomes and sent through the ER. Which organelle packages it?
Golgi apparatus
300
Give an example of a prokaryotic cell.
Bacteria
400
Which scientist concluded that all animals are made of cells?
Theodor Schwann
400
Which organ system moves blood, gases, and nutrients through the body?
Circulatory system
400
A molecule made mostly of carbon and hydrogen used for long-term energy storage is which macromolecule?
Lipid
400
A stomach enzyme works best at pH 2. What happens at pH 7?
Activity decreases because the pH is not optimal.
400
Which organelle breaks down waste and old cell parts?
Lysosomes
400
Name a structure found in plant cells but not animal cells.
Cell wall (also chloroplasts, large central vacuole)
500
Which scientist stated that all cells come from preexisting cells?
Rudolf Virchow
500
What does this model show about multicellular organisms?
Cells form tissues, tissues make organs, and organs work in systems.
500
What is one structural difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded.
500
What does the peak represent?
The optimal temperature
500
Which two organelles work together to make and transport proteins?
Ribosomes and ER
500
Which cell type has a cell wall made of chitin?
Fungal cell
600
A student watches skin heal as new cells replace old cells. Which cell theory part does this support?
All cells come from preexisting cells.
600
Skeletal muscle is made of long cells that contract to move the body. Which two levels does this describe?
Cells and tissue
600
Which one contains a phosphate group?
Nucleotide (nucleic acid)
600
What happens when substrate concentration increases but enzyme concentration stays the same?
Reaction rate increases, then levels off when enzymes are saturated.
600
What is the main function of chloroplasts?
Capture sunlight to make glucose
600
What is one thing all eukaryotic cells (plant, animal, fungal) have in common?
They all have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
700
Seeing that both plant and animal cells have similar structures supports which idea?:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/animal_cell_vs_plant_cell-58b45d8f5f9b5860460ceb88.jpg)
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function.
700
Why can organs perform more complex functions than tissues?
They contain multiple tissue types working together.
700
Why do proteins have more functions than carbohydrates?
They are made of 20 amino acids that fold into many shapes.
700
What variable must stay constant when testing how pH affects enzymes?
Temperature
700
What does the cytoskeleton do?
Provides structure and movement inside the cell
700
Why do prokaryotic cells reproduce faster than eukaryotic cells?
They have simpler structures and fewer things to make.
800
Which two scientists together proved that all living organisms are made of cells?
Schleiden and Schwann
800
Match these: Digestive system and Nervous system.
Digestive breaks down food; Nervous sends signals
800
Which macromolecule builds enzymes, antibodies, and muscle tissue?
Proteins
800
Enzyme activity is highest at pH 6, lower at pH 4, and very low at pH 10. What conclusion can be made?
The enzyme works best near pH 6
800
How do chloroplasts and mitochondria work together?
Chloroplasts make glucose; mitochondria convert it to ATP
800
Which structure in plant cells stores water and helps maintain shape?
Large central vacuole