The Cell Cycle
Mitosis and Divison
Differentiation and Development
Cell Cycle Errors AKA Cancer
Asexual Reproduction
Binary Fission and DNA Replication
100
What is the purpose of the cell cycle in multicellular organisms?
Growth, repair, and replacement of cells.
100
The division of the nucleus is called what?
Mitosis
100
A developing embryo begins as how many cells?
One
100
Cancer is caused by uncontrolled ___ _____.
Cell division.
100
Asexual reproduction involves how many parents?
One
100
Binary fission occurs in what type of organism?
Prokaryotes (bacteria).
200
Most of a cell’s life is spent in this phase.
Interphase
200
During which phase do chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?
Metaphase
200
What is cell differentiation?
Cells becoming specialized for different functions.
200
What are tumors?
Masses of abnormal dividing cells.
200
In asexual reproduction, how similar are offspring to the parent?
Genetically identical
200
Why is binary fission considered asexual reproduction?
It produces genetically identical offspring.
300
Name the three parts of interphase.
G1, S, G2.
300
Which phase of mitosis is this?
Anaphase
300
What causes cells in an embryo to become different types even though they have the same DNA?
Different genes are activated.
300
What normally prevents cells from dividing too fast?
Cell cycle checkpoints.
300
Name the type of asexual reproduction where a new organism grows off the parent.
Budding
300
What is the first major step in DNA replication?
DNA unzips.
400
In which stage is DNA replicated?
S Phase
400
During cytokinesis, what is dividing?
The cytoplasm
400
What process allows organisms to grow from a single cell to millions of specialized cells?
Repeated cell division and differentiation
400
Name one factor that can cause mutations leading to cancer.
UV radiation, chemicals, or genetics.
400
Plants growing new individuals from runners or stems is called what?
Vegetative propagation
400
DNA replication is “semi-conservative.” What does that mean?
Each new DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand.
500
What could happen if checkpoints in the cell cycle fail?
Uncontrolled cell division (cancer).
500
Why do daughter cells produced by mitosis have identical DNA?
Because DNA is copied exactly before division.
500
Why is differentiation important for multicellular organisms?
It creates specialized cells needed for complex systems.
500
Why are cancer cells dangerous to the body?
They crowd out normal cells and disrupt organ function.
500
Starfish regrowing lost arms is an example of what?
Regeneration
500
Why must DNA replicate before a cell divides?
So each daughter cell receives a complete set of DNA.