BIO201 - Exam 2

Microscopy

100

This describes the ability to distinguish two objects from one another.

Resolution

200

True or False: Specimens that are viewed under light microscopy are always deceased.

False

300

This is the part of the microscope actually doing the magnification. (Hint: Traditional light microscopes have 3)

Objective lense

400

This type of microscopy bounces electrons off of the surface of a specimen and delivers 3D images of the specimens exterior.

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

500

This type of light microscopy modification consists of bright/light specimens on a dark background.

Darkfield Microscopy

Cell Structure

100

This type of cell contains a nucleus and internal compartmentalization.

Eukaryotes

200

This part of the cell only exists in plant cells and is a structural feature found on the exterior of the cell.

Cell Wall

300

This organelle serves an important role in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxides.

Peroxisomes

400

This organelle is a part of the endomembrane system and serves an important role in protein sorting. Known as the cell's "post office".

Golgi Apparatus

500

This theory describes how the semiautonomous organelles within a eukaryotic cell came to be. It involves an ancestral prokaryote engulfing said organelles. 

Endosymbiotic Theory

Protein Sorting

100

This non-membrane bound organelle synthesizes proteins.

Ribosome

200

This pathway for protein sorting involves proteins that lack a sorting signal and therefore have no particular location assignment.

Cytosolic Proteins

300

This pathway for protein sorting involve proteins of the endomembrane system containing an ER sorting signal.

Co-Translational Sorting

400

In the secretory pathway, proteins travel to the Golgi Apparatus from this organelle via a transport vesicle.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

500

During cotranslational sorting, his molecule binds to the ER signal sequence on a polypeptide and then binds to a receptor on a channel protein, allowing the polypeptide to travel into the ER lumen.

Signal Recognition Particle (SRP)

Membrane Structure

100

This amphipathic molecule makes up nearly all membranes within the cell.

Phospholipids

200

True or False: Phospholipids spontaneously organize into membranes due to the nature of their hydrophilic tails and hydrophobic heads.

False

300

This model represents all of the components of the membrane, including membrane proteins, the two leaflets, and the carbohydrates on the membranes surface.

The Fluid Mosaic Model

400

This term describes the attachment of a carbohydrate onto a lipid or a protein.

Glycosylation

500

This method of facilitated diffusion moves a single solute down its concentration gradient.

Uniporter

Metabolism

100

These two components impact the RATE of a chemical reaciton.

1. Presence or absence of enzymes

2. Concentrations of reactants

200

Describe the 2nd law of thermodynamics.

Every energy transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of a system.

300

This type of reaction has a NEGATIVE ΔG and occurs spontaneously.

Exergonic Reactions

400

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering this.

Activation Energy

500

This type of inhibitor binds to the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding.

Competitive Inhibitor