Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
How do beta-lactams in this category work?
Beta-lactams bind to enzymes that cross-link NAM subunits
True or False: Taking antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis like tetracyclines carries no risk of toxicity because humans do not have 70s ribosomes.
False
How do antimicrobials in this category work and what do they target?
They form channels through cytoplasmic membrane and damage its integrity. Some target fungi and some target bacteria.
What are the drugs in this category?
Trimethoprim, Sulfonamides, Amantadine, Rimantadine, Protease inhibitors
When is ther used when one drug enhances the effect of a second drug?
Synergism
Which functional group is most prominent in this group of antibiotics?
beta-lactams
Name three antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis
Aminoglycosides (Streptomycin, Gentamicin)
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol
Macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin)
Polymyxin is a drug that is incorporated into the cell membrane. What kind of bacteria does it target most?
Gram -
Which drugs from this category prevent viral uncoating?
Amantadine & Rimantadine
What is the term used when drugs interfere with each other?
Antagonism
Name three antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis.
Beta-lactams (penicillin, methicillin)
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Isoniazid & Ethambutol
True or False: Taking antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis like tetracyclines carries no risk of toxicity because humans do not have 70s ribosomes.
False
Name two antimicrobials in this category
Nystatin & Amphotericin B
Which drug interferes w/ folic acid synthesis, binding to the 2nd enzyme in the pathway (enzyme that converts DHF to THF)?
Trimethoprim
What term do you use to describe the ratio of the dose of a drug that can be tolerated to the drug's effective dose
Therapeutic Index
Which two antibiotics Disrupt mycolic acid formation in Mycobacterial species(ex: mycobacterium tuberculosis)?
Isoniazid and ethambutol
What is the broadest spectrum of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis?
Tetracyclines
Nystatin & Amphotericin B
All living things share many metabolic reactions, how do we create drugs in this category without damaging other processes?
We need to find differences between the pathogen and the host.
What kind of antibiotic would you use when the pathogen is unknown?
Broad spectrum
Cephalosporin antibiotics work by blocking the polypeptide bridges between NAM and NAG subunits that are constructed during cell wall synthesis. During which phase of bacterial growth is a cephalosporin drug most effective?
Log phase
How do streptomycin and tetracycline differ in mechanism of action?
Streptomycin: changes the shape of ribosome(specifically 30S portion), causing code on mRNA to be read incorrectly
Tetracyclines: interfere with the attachment of tRNA to mRNA-ribosome complex
Why is Polymyxin toxic to human kidneys?
Because we also have a phospholipid bilayer.
What is the role of Protease Inhibitors?
To interfere with an enzyme HIV needs in its replication cycle.
Your Micro Professor after her night lab came home to a meal of spaghetti and chicken that was left over in the fridge from 4 days ago. Because she was so tired and wanted to go to bed, she chose not to reheat the food, and came down with food poisoning the same night. She took herself to the urgent care clinic next morning only to discover that she may have a bacterial infection.
The urgent care physician advises starting treatment and prescribes her---
a) Vancomycin
b) Nystatin
b) Isoniazid
d) Macrolide
e) pleconaril
Macrolide