Notes 6
Reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes (haploid cells).
What is asexual reproduction?
What is mitosis?
What is budding?
What is parthenogenesis?
Division/splitting of an individual into two new individuals (such as in paramecia)
What is binary fission?
During this stage of mitosis centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell and chromosomes are lined up in homologous pairs along the centre of the cell.
What is metaphase?
These almost always result in a loss of genetic information.
What is a mutation?
What is a chromosomal mutation?
The "sticking" together of chromosomes during mitosis or meiosis.
What is nondisjunction?
The process in which a female gamete fuses with a male gamete to form a zygote.
What is fertilization?
The exchange of micronuclei between two individuals (e.g. paramecia)
What is genetic recombination?
During this stage of mitosis chromosomes condense and become visible and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
What is prophase?
This occurs when an extra copy of a section of a chromosome is made - this does not typically harm the organism
This occurs when a cell has the wrong number of chromosomes.
What is aneuploidy?
Diploid cell
What is a cell that contains a full set (two copies) of genetic information?
Cutting
What is the process of severing part of a plant and replanting it to produce a new plant that is identical to the original/parent?
Crossing over
What is the process of homologous chromosomes coming into contact with each other between prophase 1 and metaphase 1 of meiosis and exchanging genetic material?
Translocation mutation
What occurs when a section of one chromosome breaks off and switches places with another broken-off section of a non-homologous chromosome?
Trisomy
What occurs when a cell contains a third copy of a certain chromosome?
What is it called when a cell contains 47 chromosomes?