Energy
What is considered the energy currency of the cell?
ATP
True or false: Increased muscle glycogenolysis is an adaption that occurs with endurance training
False
What is the leading cause of death worldwide?
Cardiovascular disease
True or false: Children produce more lactate during exercise compared to adults (assume intensity is made equal between the children and adults, e.g. both are working at their 80% VO2 max)
False
Muscle fiber type with high resistance to fatigue, high
triglyceride content, primarily oxidative metabolism
Type 1
What pathway is the slowest at regenerating ATP
B-oxidation
When is the most crucial period for human growth and development to building strong bones?
Childhood
The rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease within a period of time.
Incidence
What energy source is least important to be replaced after exercise?
Triglycerides in adipose tissue
This hormone stimulates glycogenolysis in muscle
and lipolysis in adipose tissue
epinephrine
What is the name of the pathway that converts glucose into lactate?
Anaerobic glycolysis
What hormone in women declines significantly after menopause causing a decline in bone mineral density
Estrogen
What is the term for how widespread a disease is?
Prevalence
This adipokine acts on the thalamus to increase energy intake
Ghrelin
Term referring to the ability of muscle fiber types to change from one type to another
Muscle plasticity
Which macronutrient is the sole energy source of the lactate system?
Carbohydrates
List 3 components that facilitates strong bones
Calcium, vitamin D, weight bearing exercise
If I weigh 280 pounds and I am 5 feet 4 inches, what is the BMI and what classification would I fall in to?
280 / 2.2 = 127.3 kg
5 feet 4 inches = 64 inches
64 inches * 2.54 = 162.6 centimeters = 1.63 meters
127.3 kg / 1.63^2 = 127.3 / 2.67 = 47.7 Obesity III
Glucagon stimulates ____ and _____
glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
What is the difference between the amount of O2 consumed during recovery and that normally consumed at rest.
Excess post-exercise O2 consumption
This is the main energy system during maximal exercise bouts up to about 7 seconds
Phosphagen
List five endurance training adaptations that improve fuel usage and increase VO2max
↑ total body hemoglobin.
↑ SV.
↑ reliance on lipids during prolonged ex.
↑ muscle mitochondrial density.
↑ muscle GLUT 4.
↓ muscle GLUT 4 translocation to cell membrane during moderate intensity ex.
↑ resting muscle glycogen.
↓ muscle glycogenolysis during moderate intensity ex.
↓ lactate production at moderate intensity ex.
↑ FA uptake by muscle.
↑ muscle capillary density.
↑ muscle lipoprotein lipase.
↑ aerobic endurance performance.
IIx → IIa → I
List three physiological factors that contribute to the lower VO2max of women compared to men
Women have a smaller heart, thus lower SV.
Women have lower [Hb], thus a lower DO2.
Women have lower muscle mass, higher fat mass; muscle is metabolically more active than fat.
Who invented E = MC^2 and what do the variables stand for and what year was this equation formulated? (must be within 20 years)
Al
Energy = mass x speed of light squared
1905 (1885 - 1925)
explain why active recovery is preferred to passive recovery after exercise
PCr resynthesis is slow when blood flow is restricted, fast when high blood flow is maintained by active recovery after exercise.