Lipids, Membranes, & Carbohydrates
These fatty acids pack tightly, have higher melting temperatures, and are more likely to be solid.
This level of protein structure is the exact amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.
What is primary structure?
This prosthetic group allows globins to bind oxygen reversibly.
What is heme?
Glycolysis converts one glucose into these final products.
What are 2 pyruvate, 2 net ATP, and 2 NADH?
This complex converts pyruvate into acetyl-coA and links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle.
This membrane lipid helps buffer membrane fluidity at both high and low temperatures.
What is cholesterol?
These two dihedral angles describe rotation around the N-Ca and Ca-C bonds.
What is phi and psi?
This histidine coordinates the iron in heme and connects oxygen binding to structural change in hemoglobin.
What is proximal histidine?
This enzyme catalyzes the commitment steps of glycolysis and is a major regulatory point.
What is PFK-1?
Per acetly-coA, the citric acid cycle produces this many NADH, FADH2, GTP, and CO2.
What are 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP, and 2 CO2.
These enzymes move lipids between membrane leaflets; one moves outer to inner, one moves inner to outer and one randomizes movement.
What are flippase, floppase, and scramblase?
This amino acid is often a helix breaker because it is rigid and lacks an amide hydrogen for H-bonding.
What is proline?
Hemoglobin has this type of oxygen-binding curve because binding one oxygen increases the affinity for additional oxygens.
What is a sigmodial curve/ cooperative binding?
This fermentation pathway regenerates NAD+ by converting pyruvate into lactate.
What is lactic acid fermentation?
This mobile lipid-soluble electron carrier links Complex I and Complex II to Complex III.
What is coenzyme Q/ ubiquinone?
This type of sugar has a free anomeric carbon and can open into the linear form.
What is a reducing sugar?
This is the major driving force for globular protein folding because hydrophobic residues become buries away from water.
What is the hydrophobic effect?
This negative allosteric regulator binds in the center of deoxyhemoglobin and stabilizes the T state.
What is 2,3-BPG?
In glycogen metabolism, phosphorylation activates this breakdown enzyme and inhibits glycogen synthase.
What is glycogen phosphorylase?
These molecules collapse the proton gradient, decreasing ATP synthesis while allowing electron transport and oxygen consumption to continue.
What are uncouplers?
This polysaccharide has B(1-->4) glycosidic linkages, forms straight fibers, and cannot be digested by humans.
What is cellulose?
This experiment showed that the amino acid sequence alone contains the information needed for a protein to refold into its native structure.
What is Anfinsen's experiment with Ribonuclease A?
This effect explains why lower pH in respiring tissues decreases hemoglobin's oxygen affinity and promotes oxygen release.
What is the Bohr effect?
This enzyme starts glycogen synthesis by acting as the primer protein when no glycogen chain exists.
What is glycogenin?
In the Calvin Cycle, this enzyme fixes CO2 to ribulose-1,5-biphosphate and required Mg2+ plus a carbamyolated lysine.
What is Rubisco?