Organic/Inorganic
Give an example of an inorganic molecule
Salt, water, acids, any metals, etc.
(answers may vary)
Nucleic acids are made of monomers called
Nucleotides
Simple (1) sugar, immediate energy source (i.e. glucose, galactose, fructose)
Monosaccharide
WHat two components make up lipids?
3 Fatty Acids and 1 Glycerol
What subunit are proteins made of and what elements are in it?
Nucleotides - CHON
Inorganic compounds do NOT contain
A: Hydrogen
B: Chlorine
C: Carbon
D: Iron
C: Carbon
DNA building blocks include a __-carbon deoxyribose sugar, a ___ group, and one of ___ nitrogen bases.
five, phosphate, four
List the two functions of carbohydrates
- Short term energy
- Structural support
Provide traits of saturated fats (be specific)
- animal fats
- solid at room temperature
- molecules are a straight chain
ex: butter, lard, cooked meat grease
- Repair cells
- Build/rebuild cells
- Catalysts for metabolic reactions
- Fight off pathogens (antibodies)
- Structural support (collagen)
- Molecule transportation
Inorganic compounds are used as materials for
A: Building
B: Repairing cells
C: Storing information
D: Long term energy storage
A: Building
The nitrogen bases for DNA do NOT include
A: Guanine
B: Uracil
C: Adenine
D: Thymine
B: Uracil
What is the difference between a disaccharide and a polysaccharide?
Disaccharides - formed from two monosaccharides; double sugars used for quick energy. (i.e. sucrose, lactose, maltose)
Polysaccharides - formed from many units of monosaccharides and are used for long-term energy storage and building (i.e.: cellulose, chitin, glycogen)
Provide traits of unsaturated fats (be specific)
- plant fats
- liquid at room temperature
- molecules are a twisted chain
ex: olive oil, corn oil, sesame oil
What are enzymes? What is their job? Provide an example of an enzyme.
Enzymes are catalytic proteins that accelerate biological reactions by weakening bonds and lowering the activation energy; are reusable (sucrase, lactase, maltase)
Name the four biological macromolecules in which you can find organic molecules
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
The function of RNA is to
A: Build and repair cells
B: Circulate blood through the cells
C: Store Information
D: Carry genetic information to the ribosomes
D: Carry genetic information to the ribosomes
What elements form carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
If both lipids and carbohydrates contain the same elements, what is the difference between the two?
Carbohydrates have a Hydrogen to Oxygen ratio of 2:1 whereas lipids contain much more hydrogen than oxygen
Explain the enzyme-substrate complex
An enzyme acts on a substrate and they bind together in what's called the active site.
All organic molecules must contain these elements (there are 2)
Carbon and Hydrogen
What is the difference between the deoxyribose in DNA and the ribose in RNA?
Deoxyribose does not have an OH group (lacks oxygen), whereas ribose sugars DO have an OH group (has oxygen).
What is the ratio of Hydrogen to Oxygen in a monosaccharide?
2:1
What are phospholipids and what is the role?
Phospholipids comprise the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane; protect cells with a hydrophilic head and two hydrophilic tails.
List the three factors that affect enzyme activity and describe them.
1. Environmental Conditions - Extreme temperatures and changes in pH can cause enzymes to be denatured
2. Cofactors + Coenzymes - These factors aid and are sometimes necessary for enzymatic activity
3. Enzyme Inhibitors - Competitive inhibitors attempt to take a substrate's spot. Noncompetitive inhibitors attach to a place that is not the active site but causes the enzyme to change shape, altering the active site.