Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Enzymes
100

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

To provide a short-term source of energy for cells.

100

What do we call the monomers of proteins?

Amino acids.

100

What are the hydrophobic molecules of lipids classified as?

Fats and Oils.

100

What are Nucleic Acids classified into?

DNA and RNA.

100

What are biological catalysts?

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

200

State the composition of carbohydrates.

What are carbohydrates composed of?

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

200

What are the functions of proteins?

- Forms enzymes

- Structural support

- Immune response

200

What is the basic function of lipids?

Long-term energy storage.

200

What is their basic function?

To store and transmit genetic info.

200

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Region of an enzyme that a substrate binds to.

300

What do we call the monomers of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides.

300

What is an example of proteins being involved in transporting molecules in the blood?

Hemoglobin transports oxygen in the blood.

300

What is the structure of Lipids?

One glycerol molecule chemically bonded to 3 fatty acids.

300

What are their monomers?

Nucleotides.

300

List 3 factors affecting enzyme activity?

- Temperature

-PH

-Substrate concentration

400

How does glucose provide energy to cells?

Glucose is broken down in cellular respiration to produce ATP (usable energy).

400

How does the sequence of amino acids affect the protein structure and function?

It determines how the protein folds, which is crucial to its function.

400

How do lipids differ from carbohydrates in terms of energy storage?

Lipids store energy long-term, and provides much more energy compared to carbohydrates (as lipids are more energy-dense).

400

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

400

What happens to an enzyme when the temperature is too high? (Hint: One key word)

It denatures.

500

How is the structure of simple sugars different from complex carbohydrates?

Simple sugars are single molecules (monosaccharides) or two sugar molecules (disaccharides), whereas complex carbohydrates are long chains of sugar (polysaccharides) that can provide sustained energy.

500

What are the 3 levels of protein structure - and how are they arranged?

- Primary: Amino Acid Sequence.

- Secondary: Folding.

- Tertiary: 3D Shape (Multiple polypeptides forming a complex).

500

Why are phospholipids important for cells?

The lipid bilayer is made of phospholipids, creating a barrier that controls the cell.

500

What is the difference in structure between DNA and RNA?

DNA is double stranded, while RNA is single stranded.

500

Why can enzymes be reused?

They are biological catalysts, so they speed up reactions without being used up.