Basics of Chemistry
Subatomic Particles
Electrons and Energy
Bonds
Bonds Part 2
100
Anything that takes up space and has mass

Matter

100

The two subatomic particles found in the atomic nucleus

Protons, Neutrons

100

Potential Energy vs. Kinetic Energy

Potential: the energy that matter has because of its location (stored energy)

Kinetic: the energy of motion

100

Consists of 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Molecule

100

Bond that forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is attracted to another electronegative atom

Hydrogen Bond

200

A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

Element

200

Atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons

Isotopes

200

The number of e- in the first three shells

1st: 2 e-

2nd: 8 e-

3rd: 8 e-

200

The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms

Covalent bond

200

The reason atoms form bonds

To complete their valence shell

300

A substance consisting of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio

Compound

300

The charges of the three subatomic particles

Proton: +

Electrons: -

Neutrons: None

300

The outermost electron shell

Valence shell

300

3 Types of Bonds From Strongest to Weakest

Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen

300
Bond where one atom strips electrons from their bonding partners

Ionic Bond

400
The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

Atom

400

Decay spontaneously, giving off particles and energy until they reach a stable form

Radioactive isotopes

400

The ability of an atom to gain or lose e- in order to have a filled valence shell

Valency

400

Atom's attraction for electrons in a covalent bond

Electronegativity

400
Cation vs. Anion

Cation: positively charged ion

Anion: negatively charged ion

500

The four elements that make up 96% of living matter

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

500

Atomic Number and Mass Number

Atomic Number = number of protons in its nucleus

Mass Number = sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus

500

The 3D space where an e- is found 90% of the time

Electron orbital

500

Nonpolar Covalent Bond vs. Polar Covalent Bond

Polar: one atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not share the electron equally

Nonpolar: the atoms share the electron equally

500

Electrostatic attractions between non-polar molecules that are close together because of these charges

Van der Waals interactions