Biomolecules
What are the four main biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids
What is the function of nucleic acids?
genetic coding - Code for traits; heredity
Name two kinds of food that have saturated fat?
Butter, Lard, Meat fat
What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?
Organic--contains carbon Inorganic--does NOT contain carbon
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
To catalyze (speed up) a chemical reaction
Describe the two types of proteins
Structural--structural support
Globular--enzymes, transport
What is the function of lipids in a person's diet?
Long-term energy storage
Describe what lipids can do to damage blood vessels.
Fat builds up along blood vessels and causes blockage, which causes a blot clot. This can lead to heart attack or stroke.
A polymer is composed of what?
Monomers
How does an enzyme affect the energy level required to start a reaction?
Lowers it
Name an example of each f the following carbohydrates
-one monomer
-one polymer
Monomers--glucose, fructose
Polymers--starch, glycogen, cellulose
What is the function of structural proteins, and where are they usually found in the cell?
Structure; cell membrane
Which of the four biomolecules are present in an egg?
Lipids, Protein
What is dehydration synthesis?
Loss of water to build a molecule
What happens to an enzyme after it performs its "job" on a molecule?
Nothing; it ends up the same as when it started
What are the monomers of proteins, and how many are there?
Amino Acids 20
What kind of carbohydrates function as long-term energy storage?
Polymers/Polysaccharides = starch, vegetables, grains, bread
What does Benedict's solution test for and what color indicates a positive reaction?
Simple sugars (mono- and di-saccharides); any color besides blue
Describe the polarity of a water molecule, and its effect on other water molecules.
Hydrogen atoms are slightly positive and Oxygen atoms are slightly negative; this causes hydrogen bonding which makes water cohesive.
What is the name of the place on an enzyme where its molecule binds?
Active site
What are the three parts of a nucleotide (monomer of DNA/RNA)?
Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogenous base
Enzymes, Transport, and Regulation are functions of what kind of protein?
Globular
What solution is used to test for Complex sugars, and what color indicates a positive result?
Lugol's solution; black/brown
Identify the difference between ionic and covalent bonds
Ionic--give and take of electrons Covalent--sharing electrons
Name one factor that can affect how well an enzyme works
Temperature, pH (acid/base solution), Substrate concentration, Denatured enzyme