Biomolecules
What are the four main biomolecules?
Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids
what is the functions of Mitochondria?
1. Make ATP through Oxidative phosphorylation
2. Calcium Storage
3. Involved in steroid synthesis
4. Have in liver cells enzymes that detoxify ammonia
5. Cell death
Where in the cell does glycolysis take place?
cytosol
the Krebs Cycle is also known as
the citric acid cycle
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
To catalyze (speed up) a chemical reaction
what are the two types of proteins?
Structural--structural support
Globular--enzymes, transport
What is the function of lipids in a person's diet?
Long-term energy storage
Describe what lipids can do to damage blood vessels.
Fat builds up along blood vessels and causes blockage, which causes a blot clot. This can lead to heart attack or stroke.
A polymer is composed of what?
Monomers
How does an enzyme affect the energy level required to start a reaction?
Lowers it
Name two monomers and one polymer of carbohydrates.
Monomers--glucose, fructose
Polymers--starch, glycogen, cellulose
What is the function of structural proteins, and where are they usually found in the cell?
Structure; cell membrane
The first phase of glycolysis (preparation stage) splits a hexose into two trioses (T/F)
True
What is dehydration synthesis?
Loss of water to build a molecule
What happens to an enzyme after it performs its "job" on a molecule?
Nothing; it ends up the same as when it started
What are the monomers of proteins, and how many are there?
Amino Acids 20
What kind of carbohydrates function as long-term energy storage?
Polymers/Polysaccharides = starch, vegetables, grains, bread
What is ATP used for?
cellular energy
coenzymes
molecules that provide unique chemical functions to enzyme catalyzed reactions by acting as carriers of specific functional groups
What is the name of the place on an enzyme where its molecule binds?
Active site
What are the three parts of a nucleotide (monomer of DNA/RNA)?
Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogenous base
Enzymes, Transport, and Regulation are functions of what kind of protein?
Globular
How much ATP is needed in glycolysis
2 molecules
Identify the difference between ionic and covalent bonds
Ionic--give and take of electrons Covalent--sharing electrons
Name one factor that can affect how well an enzyme works
Temperature, pH (acid/base solution), Substrate concentration, Denatured enzyme