Biomolecules
What are the four main biomolecules?
Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Store & transmit heredity
How do a saturated fat differ from an unsaturated fat?
Unsaturated fats have double bonds, saturated fats do not.
What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?
Organic--contains carbon
Inorganic--does NOT contain carbon
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
To catalyze (speed up) a chemical reaction
What type of bond holds protein polymers together?
Peptide bonds
What is the function of lipids in a person's diet?
Long-term energy storage
Name 3 lipid polymers?
Phospholipids, triglycerides, fats
A polymer is composed of what? What reaction makes a polymer?
Monomers, Dehydration Synthesis
How does an enzyme affect the activation energy required to start a reaction?
Enzymes lower activation energy so it takes less energy to start a chemical reaction
Name the monomers and polymer of carbohydrates.
Monomers- monosaccharide
Polymers- polysaccharide
Name 3 functions of proteins.
Structure, transport, enzymes, antibodies, etc.
What does it mean to say water is polar? What kind of substances can dissolve in water, and what kind of substances cannot?
Water is polar- partially negative oxygen, partially positive hydrogens
Polar substances can dissolve, and nonpolar cannot.
What is dehydration synthesis? How does it differ from hydrolysis?
Dehydration synthesis- Loss of water to build a molecule
Hydrolysis- addition of water to break polymer into monomers
What happens to an enzyme after it performs its "job" on a molecule?
It is recycled- enzymes are not used up
What are the parts of an amino acid?
Amino group, Carboxyl group, Hydrogen, R group (variant)
What is the carbohydrate polymer? Which functions as long-term energy storage?
Polymers- Polysaccharides = starch
What property of water is responsible for allowing water to take a long time to heat up? How does this protect the sea life in the water?
High heat capacity
Protects sea life from extreme changes in water temperature
Describe the polarity of a water molecule, and its effect on other water molecules.
Hydrogen atoms are slightly positive and oxygen atoms are slightly negative; this causes hydrogen bonding and all water's unique properties
What is the name of the place on an enzyme where the substrate binds?
Active site
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid, and what are the three parts?
Nucleotide- Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogenous base
How do enzymes help chemical reactions? (2 main ways)
They lower activation energy and speed up the rate of reaction.
What elements are found in each macromolecule?
Carbs- CHO
Lipids- CHO
Proteins- CHON
Nucleic Acids- CHONP
Identify the difference between ionic and covalent bonds
Ionic- bond that transfers electrons
Covalent- bond that shares 2 or more electrons
Name one factor that can affect how well an enzyme works. What is it called when an enzyme is broken?
Temperature, pH (acid/base solution), salt concentration, radiation
Denatured enzyme