Macromolecules
Name an example of an energy-rich compound needed by organisms.
Glucose
Enzymes are composed of WHICH building block?
amino acids
At what temperature do human enzymes function optimally?
37 degrees Celsius/ 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit
True/False: both sugar molecules and fat molecules are both organic.
True
True/false: enzymes are destroyed every time they are used
false
Give an example of an INORGANIC molecule required to sustain life in animals.
Water or Oxygen
Adding water to BREAK DOWN larger molecules into smaller molecules is known as:
hydrolysis
What is dehydration synthesis?
combining small molecules together to create larger molecules. Water is removed during this process.
Enzymes like pepsin work best in acidic environments, like the human stomach. What would happen to pepsin if it made its way to a more basic environment, like human blood?
it would denature/lose its shape
This is the name for the part of the enzyme that binds to the molecules and allows the chemical reaction to speed up
active site
Butter and oil are two examples of THIS biomolecule.
lipids
Why are enzymes known as biological catalysts?
They speed up chemical reactions
What substance is produced by the hydrolysis of an oil?
fatty acids/ lipids
Name the four biomolecules found in all living things
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
This is the name for the molecules that are either digested or synthesized as a result of enzyme activity. It is the substance on which the enzyme acts.
substrate
this is the building block of carbohydrates
simple sugar/glucose
Salmon that live in the cold waters of the Northern Pacific ocean will die if introduced into warm water. One likely reason that these salmon will not survive is because the enzymes will.......
denature/change shape
In the following chemical reaction, which molecules are considered the substrate?
monosaccharide + monosaccharide = disaccharide + water
monosaccharide + monosaccharide
if a DNA molecule was digested, what products would be created?
nucleic acids
In the following chemical reaction, which enzyme would be required to speed up the reaction?
polypeptide + water ---> amino acids
a. amylase
b. lipase
c. maltase
d. protease
protease
when a starch is digested, the products would most likely contain ___________.
simple sugars/ glucose
the sequence of amino acids in a protein most directly determines the __________ & ___________ of an enzyme.
Shape & Function
After cutting fruits and vegetables, many will oxidize when exposed to the air and begin to turn brown. Some people have found that adding citric acid (lemon juice, lime juice, etc.) can be added to prevent them from turning brown. Why does this work to prevent browning?
The acid slows the the rate of the enzyme action by denaturing the enzyme and slows the browning process.
plants such as the pitcher plant produce chemical compounds that break down insects to turn them into useable energy. The compounds that break down the insects are referred to as ________.
enzymes
Name the 4 things that influence the rate of enzyme action
temperature, pH level, amount of enzyme, amount of substrate