pH Scale
If a substance has a pH of 2 it would be considered.
a strong acid
Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio.
carbohydrate
Type of bond formed between the hydrogen atom in one water molecule and the oxygen molecule in another molecule.
hydrogen bond
Enzymes are biological ________ that speed up chemical reactions.
catalyst
This macromolecule is composed of long chains composed of amino acids.
proteins
A substance is considerd a base if it has a lot of _______ ions.
Hydroxide (OH-)
This is the monomer of nucleic acids and consists of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate.
nucleotide
What two properties of water work together to allow water to climb the xylem of a plant?
cohesion and adhesion
What do we call the area of an enzyme where the substrate binds to the enzyme?
active site
What is the function of nucleic acids?
stores genetic information
Which metabolic process adds water to a polymer to break the complex molecule into monomers?
hydrolysis
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Which part of the water molecule has a slightly negative charge?
Oxygen
Type of inhibitor that competes for the active site and blocks the substrate from attaching to its enzyme.
competitive inhibitor
Which macromolecule is the main source of energy?
carbohydrate
Process that combines monomers into polymers when water is removed.
dehydration synthesis
Which type of fat is liquid at room temperature, contains double bonds between their carbon atoms, and they come from plants?
Unsaturated fat
Water fearing
hydrophobic
Where does a noncompetitve inhibitor bind to the enzyme?
allosteric site
Type of reaction that occurs when the enzyme sucrase breaks down the subrate sucrose into glucose and fructos.
catabolism
Water is considered to be a _______ ________ because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid.
universal solvent
Which type of macromolecule provides insulation for marine arctic animals?
lipids
Water property that allows insects to walk on water.
Surface tension
List 3 factors that can affect how enzymes function.
pH
temperature
substrate concentration
Large organic compound made of many monomers that are essential to life processes.
macromolecule