Organic/ Inorganic/
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Compounds that must contain Carbon and Hydrogen
What are organic compounds?
The building blocks and elements carbs are composed of.
What are monosaccharides (glucose) and C, H, and O?
These are the building blocks of lipids
What are one glycerol and three fatty acids
These are the building blocks and elements that compose proteins.
What are amino acids and Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen.
This is the type of chemical enzymes are made up of.
What is organic and protein
H2O, CO2, NaCl, and HCl are examples.
What are inorganic compounds?
The ratio of C:H:O in most carbohydrates.
What is 1:2:1?
This is why lipids are not considered polymers
What is lipids are not a chain of repeating units?
This is why so many different proteins can be produced in our bodies.
What is the order of the amino acids determines the shape the protein, and there are 20 different amino acids that can be combined in infinite different orders/lengths?
This is the role of enzymes in our bodies.
What is they control the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy?
Cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension
What are properties of water?
This is formed when two monosaccharides are combined.
What are a disaccharide and one molecule of water?
This is the name of the chemical reaction in which water is added and large compounds are broken down.
What is Hydrolysis/ enzymatic hydrolysis?
This is what is produced when three amino acids are combined.
What are a polypeptide (protein) and 2 molecules of water?
These are three factors that affect the rate of enzyme action.
What are:
enzyme/substrate concentration
temperature
pH
The type of bonds within and between water molecules.
What are covalent bonds?
This is formed when a trisaccharide and 2 water molecules are combined.
What are 3 monosaccharides?
This is how lipids are put together from their building blocks, and this is the name of the reaction.
What is removing three molecules of water, and what is dehydration synthesis?
These are the levels of complexity of proteins.
What are:
Primary- sequence of amino acids
2) Secondary- results from the folding of the protein/hydrogen bonds
3) Tertiary- interactions between the amino acids
4) Quaternary- combinations of different polypeptide chains interacting to form a complex protein
This is the ideal temperature for enzymes, and what happens if they are exposed to higher temperature.
What is the optimum temperature (37 degrees) and what is denature?
We are made up of of these.
What are organic and inorganic compounds?
The main function of carbs in our diet is this.
What is ENERGY- both quick (monosaccharides) and more long-lasting (polysaccharides)?
These are three functions of lipids in our bodies (there are 5 listed…any 3 of these receives credit ;)).
What are:
Storing/providing energy
Cushion vital organs and bones
Regulating body temperature
Function as signaling molecules (steroid hormones)
Structural components of cell membranes
These are four functions/structures of protein in our bodies (7 are listed- any 4 gets you credit!).
What are:
Provide energy when carbs and lipids are unavailable
Act as enzymes and hormones
Act as antibodies
Provide structural support
Regulate the passage of substances across the cell membrane/make up cell membrane
Make up our hair and nails (keratin)
Make up our skin (collagen)
This is what happens to the rate of reaction as concentration of either substrate OR enzyme is increased.
What is the rate increases to a point (of saturation or optimal concentration) and the levels off.