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I totally remember somthing about that from freshman science
"Ma, have you seen my protein mix?"
Yo mama is so _____
Saccharine
I have nothing clever to say about nucleic acids
100
What is the maximum number of covalent bonds an element with atomic number 8 can make with hydrogen?
What is 2
100
Name three functions of proteins.
Enzymes, Cell transport across cell membrane, Cell communication (MHCs), Cell structure, Cell movement
100
How many hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms does a triacylglyceride undergo during a dehydration synthesis in order to attach the fatty acid chains?
What are six hydrogen atoms and three oxygen atoms
100
This is the most common functional group in a carbohydrate.
What are hydroxyl groups
100
Name two major functions of nucleic acids.
Nucleic acids store, transmit and help express hereditary information.
200
Mass number = _________ + ___________
What is protons + neutrons
200
What two things make up the secondary structure of a polypeptide?
What are alpha helices and beta pleated sheets
200
True or False. Lipids are soluble in water.
False. Lipids are not soluble in water because of there hydrophobic, non-polar regions.
200
What monosaccharide makes up glycogen?
glucose
200
What are the
300
The term for an element with different atomic forms that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.
What is an isotope.
300
What causes the formation of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets?
What is hydrogen bonding between amino groups and carboxyl groups of amino acids.
300
Why do we classify fats, waxes, oils and steroids into one group known as lipids?
Lipids are molecules that have large non-polar regions which means that they do not mix well with water because water is polar. Remember like dissolves like.
300
What kind of sugar tastes sweeter, glucose or fructose?
What is fructose.
300
Name three components of RNA
Phosphate group, ribose, uracil
400
Explain the difference between a covalent bond and hydrogen bonding. You may draw a picture on the board to help explain your answer.
Covalent bonds are when atoms share electrons in a way that fills the outer valence shell. Hydrogen bonding is when the electron of hydrogen is pulled closer to a more electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen creating an dipole moment (polarity) in which one region of a molecule gains a slight negative charge and another region of a molecule gains a slightly positive charge. When many of these polar molecules like water interact the hydrogen bonding has a visible effect (adhesion, cohesion). Covalent bonding is stronger than hydrogen bonding.
400
Name three kinds of interactions between R groups of amino acids cause tertiary structure?
hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges
400
Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true? They are more common in animals than in plants. They generally solidify at room temperature. They contain more hydrogen than saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. They have fewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule. They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.
They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.
400
Name some common forms and functions of carbohydrates
Starch and glycogen provide energy for plants and animals respectively. Cellulose and chitin provide structural support for plants and arthropods.
400
What kind of bond holds nucleotides together?
What is a phosphodiester bond
500
Explain the difference between an acid and a base using the following terms: pH, H+ hydronium, OH- hydroxide, proton donor, proton acceptor.
An acid is a proton donor meaning that when an acidic substance is mixed in water, there will be an increased concentration of H+ aka hydronium ions. A base is a proton donor meaning that when a basic substance is mixed with water, there will be an increased concentration of OH- aka hydroxide ions. The pH scale is a logarithmic scale which indicates the concentration of hydronium ions per water molecule.
500
Explain what could happen if one amino acid changed in polypeptide with more than one hundred amino acids.
The primary structure of the polypeptide would change meaning that the order of amino acids in the polypeptide would be different, which could change the tertiary structure of the protein, which could result in the loss of biological function of the protein overall. Sickle cell anemia is an example of this.
500
Explain the structure and function of a phospholipid.
A phospholipid has four main components: choline and phosphate make up the hydrophilic head of the phospholipid while glycerol and fatty acids make up the hydrophobic tails. In the presence of water these phospholipids form a bilayer that is a key component of the cell membrane.
500
Why do people make such a big deal out of high fructose corn syrup and fructose in general? How is it a real health risk?
Fructose is metabolized in a very different way from that glucose. It tastes sweet, but it has not off switch in our brain. Leptin is a protein that tells the brain when it is full. Glucose activates leptin. Fructose does not. Insulin which helps regulate blood sugar also cannot control fructose. It can cause insulin resistance, encourages lipogenesis (fat tissue growth) and it can cause the release of very low density lipids that are precursors for Low Density Lipoprotein which has been shown to cause atherosclerosis.
500
Explain the anti-parallel structure of DNA using the terms: Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, 5' end, 3' end.
DNA has what is considered an anti-parallel structure because one strand goes from the 5' end to the 3' end while the other strand goes from the 3' end to the 5' end. The 5' and 3' ends refer to the numbering of the carbon chain in the pentose sugar (deoxyribose) of the DNA.