General Biochemistry
When we are studying how things work on the smallest level inside organisms, what is this called?
biochemistry
What bond makes water molecules very attracted to each other?
hydrogen bonds
What are the four types of macromolecules?
carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
What type of macromolecule is an enzyme?
protein
In our water lab, we saw a paper clip float on the water. What property of water does this show?
surface tension
What is an atom that has a unique set of properties on the Periodic Table called?
element
What are the three atoms that water is made of?
2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
What is an example of a carb? (think of foods)
pasta, sugar, candy, bread, etc.
What is the thing that attaches to the enzyme BEFORE the reaction called?
substrate
When we tried to mix water and oil, why did it not work?
Water is polar while oil is non polar making it hydrophobic
What part of an atom float around the nucleus and have a negative charge?
electrons
hydrogen is positive, oxygen is negative
If a fat has a double bond in it, is it saturated or unsaturated?
unsaturated (the double bond makes it bent)
How do enzymes increase the speed of a chemical reaction?
they lower the activation energy
In our liver lab, why did the liver not produce any bubbles when it was heated up too high?
The enzyme was denatured
What type of bonds are very strong and are responsible for connecting hydrogen to oxygen inside a water molecule?
covalent bonds
When water forms into a droplet and sticks together, what property of water is shown?
cohesion
What is the monomer of a protein?
amino acid
What is denaturation?
an enzyme losing its shape
In our chromatography lab, we could see the water climb up the filter paper. What property of water did this show?
Bonus: What property explains why the gray and brown dyes separate?
capillary action (special form of adhesion)
bonus: universal solvent
Explain the difference between polar vs non polar molecules
polar: electrons are not equally spread out around the molecule, so there is a negative and positive side
non polar: electrons are equally spread out around the molecule so charges cancel out
Plants drag water up from their roots to their leaves by using what property of water?
Capillary action
What are the only two examples of nucleic acid? (name both)
DNA and RNA
What is the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction called?
activation energy
We have an unknown substance that we put iodine into. The substance turns black. What macromolecule is present?
(complex) carbs