Words! (and definitions)
What is Biodiversity?
the variety of species and ecosystems on Earth and the ecological processes of which they are a part.
What are the 4 types of relationships?
Competition, commensalism, mutualism, parasitism
The formation of 2 or more distinct species from an ancestral population.
Speciation.
Give me 3 examples of heritable traits.
Hair colour, eye colour, hair type, blood type...
How many parents are there in asexual reproduction?
1!
Define intraspecific competition.
competition among members of the same species.
Giraffes have long necks, what type of adaptation is this?
Structural adaptation.
What type of variation would eye colour fall under?
Discrete variation.
What is an allele? How many do you have for each gene?
An allele is a version of a gene. You inherit 2 alleles for each gene, one from each parent.
What are male and female gametes called in both plants and animals?
Animals: egg, sperm
Plants: ovule, pollen
A group of species living in the same area.
A population.
Distinguish between generalists and specialists using examples.
Generalist: organisms that can survive in various locations and conditions. (ex. Racoon)
Specialist: organisms that can only survive in minimal locations and consistent conditions. (ex. Panda)
What is natural selection? Give an example.
when the environment “selects” which individuals will survive, reproduce and pass on their “favoured/selected” traits.
How would you describe an individual with alleles aa?
Homozygous recessive.
What is the 'formula' for sexual reproduction?
Male gamete + female gamete = fertilization
Genetic material combines = zygote
Zygote grows = embryo
Where in the world is biodiversity the highest and why?
Around the equator!
More sun = more plants = more food and shelter = more species!
Give an example of a behavioural adaptation.
Nocturnal species, plants growing toward the light, migration.
What would happen if all individuals of a species were the same (ex. humans)?
The possibility of mass death!
Sequence the following in order from biggest to smallest: DNA, gene, allele, chromosome.
Chromosome, DNA, gene, allele
Name, define, and draw one type of asexual reproduction.
Options: Budding, binary fission, spore formation, vegetative reproduction (runners, suckers, cuttings, tuber).
What are the two defining factors of a species?
1) same structure 2) can naturally reproduce with one another and produce viable offspring.
As conditions on Earth change, which species are at risk of extinction and where are they located globally?
Species that have a narrow niche or are specialists are at risk. A lot of these species are found near the equator.
If somehow the world started to favour individuals with blue eyes (a recessive allele), what would we see in the population of blue eyed people?
It would increase!
E = detached earlobes (dominant)
e = attached earlobes (recessive)
What alleles would lead to detached earlobes?
Is this homozygous or heterozygous?
1) EE - homozygous
2) Ee - heterozygous
What is one advantage and one disadvantage for both sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual: + genetic diversity, - time, - energy
Asexual: + no mate, + create lots of offspring, - no genetic diversity