Back to the basics!
What huge event sparked the need for renewable fuels and making the U.S. energy independent?
The Oil Embargo
Name the three generations of biofuels.
What are Food crops, lignocellulosic biomass, and algae?
What is a goal of pretreatment?
Improve formation of sugars or reduce crystallinity or reduce the ability to subsequently form sugars by hydrolysis, avoid degradation or loss of carbs, avoid formation of inhibitory byproducts, and be cost effective
What is the crabtree effect?
The shift from aerobic respiration to anaerobic fermentation in the presence of high glucose concentrations, even when O2 is available
What is B20 stand for?
20% biodiesel in the fuel
In the Thermochemical Platform, which process is O2 addition controlled?
Indirect Liquefaction, or gasification
What is the main advantage of 1G biofuels?
They require no pretreatment and can easily be implemented.
What is an advantage of ionic liquids?
They can be recycled, reduces crystallinity, and removes lignin
What is thew most common process variation (CBP, SHCF, SSF, SHF)?
Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation
glycerol and FAME
What chemical additive did ethanol replace in gasoline?
MTBE
What is an advantage of 3G biofuels?
Non-arable land use, high productivity, carbon capture potential, versatile products
What enzyme commonly breaks down cellulose
cellulase
What happens when the ethanol is dehydrated?
The water gets removed to produce 99.5% pure ethanol.
How do you remove impurities from biodiesel? Why?
With water, polarity
What act was the RFS introduced?
The Energy Policy Act of 2005?
What is one of the three most common methods to analyze sugar release during hydrolysis?
HPLC, DNS, and Phenol-Sulphuric Acid
Is hemicellulose easier or harder to hydrolyze than cellulose? Why
Easier because of variation of linkages
What is the mol conversion from xylose to ethanol
3:5
What type of wastewater was treated by algae and bacteria from the paper from week 5?
What is used food flavourant-producing industry waterwater (FFPIWW)?
What are some products of the carboxylate platform?
Esters, ethers, keytones,
What reactive groups do reducing sugars have?
aldehydes and ketones
What creates the H unit in lignin?
p-coumaryl alcohol
What bacteria species do we use for fermentation of both hexoses and pentoses?
Z. mobilius
What is the most popular oil in the US for biodiesel?
Soybean