Cardiac Function
The heart sounds heard as “lubb” and “dupp” are actually the sound of this
What is closure of the heart valves?
The vessel type where exchange of nutrients and gases occurs.
What are capillaries?
The force pulling water into capillaries due to plasma proteins.
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What is osmotic pressure
The end of the capillary where reabsorption occurs.
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What is the venous end
A direct connection between arteries and veins.
What is an anastomosis?
The valve between left atrium and left ventricle.
What is the bicuspid valve?
The structure that normally initiates the heartbeat.
What is the SA node?
The vessel layer responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
What is the tunica media?
The enzyme found in the lungs that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
What is angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)?
The main determinant of hydrostatic pressure.
What is blood pressure?
The system most affected if anastomoses fail.
What is temperature regulation?
The vessel with the highest blood velocity.
What is the aorta?
The product of stroke volume and heart rate.
What is cardiac output?
The vessels that create the greatest resistance and largest pressure drop.
What are arterioles?
The emergency nervous system response to severe low blood pressure and brain ischemia.
What is the CNS ischemic response?
The vessel type with the slowest blood velocity.
What are capillaries?
The benefit of bypassing capillary beds.
What is rapid heat exchange?
The hormone that increases water retention.
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
The phase that follows isovolumetric contraction.
What is the period of ejection?
The structure where all cardiac veins empty.
What is the coronary sinus?
The hormone released by the adrenal cortex that increases blood volume.
What is aldosterone?
The force pushing fluid out of capillaries.
What is capillary hydrostatic pressure?
The_________ begins with capillaries in the abdominal viscera and ends with capillaries in the liver.
What is the hepatic portal system?
The vessels carrying deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs.
What are the pulmonary arteries?
The equation used to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP).
What is cardiac output times peripheral resistance? (MAP = CO x PR)
What do the brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries all have in common?
They are the three arteries branching off the aortic arch.
The hormone that decreases blood pressure by increasing sodium and water excretion.
What is atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)?
The movement of water into interstitial space occurs at this end of the capillary.
What is the arterial end?
Blood must be sent to this organ before it can return to the heart from the digestive system.
What is the liver?
The reason capillaries are thin.
What is to allow exchange?
The brain region that contains the cardioregulatory center.
What is the medulla oblongata?
The circulation pathway that carries blood from digestive organs to the liver.
What is the hepatic portal system?
The long-term, mechanism that regulates blood pressure through hormones and involves the kidneys, liver, and lungs.
What is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (AAS)?
The system that returns excess filtered fluid to circulation.
What is the lymphatic system?
The reason blood from the digestive system is diverted to the liver before it can return to the heart
What is nutrient storage in the liver?
The blood pressure reading representing ventricular contraction.
What is systolic pressure?