From Water to Land
These protists are the closest relatives of land plants.
What are charophytes?
These two tissue allow long-distance transport in vascular plants.
What are xylem and phloem?
The two major groups of seed-producing plants.
What are gymnosperms and angiosperms?
Threadlike filaments that make up the body of most fungi.
What are hyphae?
This fungal group produces spores in saclike structures called asci.
What are ascomycetes?
This waxy covering on plant epidermis reduces water loss on land.
What is the cuticle?
What is xylem?
In a flower, this structure receives pollen and is part of the carpel.
What is the stigma?
The mass of hyphae that forms the main feeding structure of a fungus.
What is mycelium?
This fungal group includes mushrooms and produces spores on basidia.
What are basidiomycetes?
This durable polymer prevents drying out and is found in plant spores and charophyte zygotes.
What is sporopollenin?
This nonvascular plant phylum has a long, tapered shaped sporophyte and consists only of sporangium and has no seta.
What is phylum Anthocerophyta (hornworts)?
This structure develops into a seed after fertilization in angiosperms.
What is the ovule?
A mode of nutrition used by fungi where they obtain nutrients by secreting enzymes and absorbing the products.
What is absorptive heterotrophy?
This fungal lineage has flagellated spores and includes pathogens responsible for a large portion of amphibian deaths.
What are chytrids?
The life cycle that alternates between multicellular haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte).
Most seedless vascular plants are this type of spore-producing plant, meaning they produce one type of spore.
What is homosporous?
This plant group is defined by having 1 cotyledon, parallel veins, and fibrous roots.
What are monocots?
The mutualistic association that forms between fungi and plant roots and helps plants absorb minerals.
What are mycorrhizae?
Symbiotic structure consisting of a fungus and a photosynthetic partner like algae or cyanobacteria.
What is a lichen?
TWO major challenges plants faced when transitioning from water to land.
What are desiccation and gravity?*
Seed plants are heterosporous. This means they produce these two types of spores.
What are microspores and megaspores?
A unique angiosperm process that produces both a zygote (2n) and an endosperm (3n).
What is double fertilization?
The union of the cytoplasm of two parent mycelia where the haploid cells do not fuse right away resulting in a heterokaryotic cell that has two unfused nuclei.
What is plasmogamy?
One ecological role where fungi break down cellulose and lignin and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem.