Phylogeny and Classification
The evolutionary history of a species or group of species.
What is phylogeny?
Similar traits due to shared ancestry.
What is homology?
Single-called organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What are prokaryotes?
Organisms that obtain energy from light.
What are Phototrophs?
The supergroup characterized by an “excavated” feeding groove.
What is Excavata?
The scientist who developed binomial nomenclature and the classification hierarchy.
Who is Carl Linnaeus?
Similar traits that evolved independently due to similar environments.
What is analogy?
The bacterial cell wall component targeted by many antibiotics.
What is peptidoglycan?
Bacteria that cannot survive or grow without oxygen.
What are Obligate aerobes?
The protist that causes giardiasis and is spread through contaminated water.
What is Giardia?
A group that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants.
What is a clade?
A shared derived traits that unites a clade.
What is synapomorphy?
Bacteria with thin peptidoglycan walls that stain pink.
What are Gram-negative bacteria?
What is nitrogen fixation?
The protist group that includes diatoms, brown algae, and oomycetes.
What are Stramenopiles?
A classification system that groups organisms based on shared ancestry.
What is cladistics?
A trait that appears similar in different groups but did not come from a common ancestor.
What is Homoplasy?
A dormant, highly resistant bacterial structure that can survive extreme conditions.
What is an Endospore?
The process responsible for spreading antibiotic resistance genes between bacteria.
What is Horizontal Gene Transfer?
The alveolate group responsible for red tides and bioluminescence.
What are dinoflagellates?
The principle that favors the phylogenetic tree requiring the fewest evolutionary changes.
What is maximum parsimony?
The type of characters most useful for building phylogenetic trees.
What are shared derived characters?
The process by which bacteria gain DNA from the environment.
What is transformation?
Organisms that survive with oxygen but do not use it for metabolism.
What are aerotolerant anaerobes?
The protists with two nuclei, one for daily function and one for reproduction.
What are ciliates?