cell structure
The endomembrane system consists of...
1. Nuclear envelope
2. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Golgi apparatus
the plasma membrane is described as...
A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer
which organelle does not have ribosomes studding it?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
True or false: catabolic pathways require energy to synthesize large molecules
false
What does the first law of thermodynamics state?
energy cannot be created nor destroyed
The unified cell theory states...
1. Cells comprise living ___
2. Cell is basic ___
3. New cells arise from ___ cells
organisms, unit life life, existing
in a phospholipid, the ____ is hydrophillic and the ___ is hydrophobic
phosphate head, fatty acid tails
Which organelle is associated with protein assembly
rough ER
potential energy is ___ energy, and kinetic energy is involved in ___
stored, motion
What is entropy? Which law of thermodynamics is it associated with?
entropy is disorder in a system. it is associated with the 2nd law.
What are the four types of intracellular junctions?
1. Plasmodesmata (only found in plants)
2. Tight junctions
3. Gap junctions
4. Desmosomes
what is the difference between integral proteins and peripheral proteins?
integral proteins span all or part of the membrane and peripheral proteins are found either intra or extracellularly
steroid hormones
What happens to energy when bonds are broken or formed?
broken = released
formed = consumed
in an exergonic reaction, G is ___ and the reaction ___ energy. in an endergonic reaction, G is ___ and the reaction ___ energy.
negative & release, positive & consume
What are components found in all cell types?
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes
In a __ solution, a red blood cell will shrivel. In a ___ solution, a red blood cell will lyse.
Hypertonic, hypotonic
the SER is involved in converting ___ to gycogen
glucose
What two factors effect enzymatic reactions?
increased temperature and pH
What does ATP stand for? What two reactions is it involved in? How is free energy involved with the reactions?
ATP = adenosine triphosphate. Hydrolysis results in free energy and reversible uses free energy
What are the two major unique plant cell structures and their functions in a plant cell?
Cell Wall: Rigid covering around plasma membrane
1. Protection
2. Structural support
3. Cell shape
Chloroplasts: carry out photosynthesis
1. Contain own DNA and ribosomes
2. Use CO2 and H20 plus light energy to make
glucose and O2
How does secondary active transport work?
a material that cannot move in or out of a cell will utilize the primary active transport of another material to move.
Which organelle is continuous with the nuclear envelope?
RER
What are the three types of non protein helper molecules? What are their definitions?
cofactors ( inorganic ions bound to protein (Zn++, Fe++, Cu+, etc ))
coenzymes (organic molecules with
base structure of carbon and
hydrogen)
vitamins (serve as coenzymes or precursors to coenzymes)
What is gibbs free energy? What is the equation to calculate it?
Gibbs (G) = amount of energy available to do work after accounting for entropy.
*G=*H-T*S