BIOL 111, Test 2

Proteins

100

Name the two functional groups on Amino acids

Amino and Carboxyl 

200

This reaction type is spontaneous and does not require energy. 

Hydrolysis 

300

These are shorter chains of amino acids.

Oligopeptides

400

This term refers to proteins that act as infectious, disease-causing agents.

Prions

500

This structure is determined by interactions between R groups and can include hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bonds, and ionic bonds.

Tertiary Structure

Nucleic Acids

100

The sequence of bases in RNA or DNA is written in this direction.

5' to 3'

200

These single-ring structures include cytosine, uracil, and thymine.

Pyrimidines

300

The Chargaff Rule states that the total number of purines equals...

the total number of pyrimidines in DNA.

400

This scientist used X-ray crystallography to help determine the structure of DNA.

Rosalind Franklin 

500

If you have a segment of DNA with 30% Cytosine, what percent of Adenine do you have? 

20% Adenine

Carbohydrates

100

Peptidoglycan is the structural polysaccharide for what organism?  

Bacteria 

200

This polysaccharide provides structural support in animals and fungi. 

Chitin 

300

This polysaccharide provides structural support in plant cell walls.

Cellulose

400

This storage polysaccharide is found in animals.

Glycogen 

500

The glycosidic linkage type found in storage polysaccharides like starch is called this.

Alpha 1,4 glycosidic linkage

Lipids

100

This linkage forms between glycerol and fatty acids during the condensation reaction.

Ester linkages

200

Lipids contain these two elements in high amounts.

Carbon and Hydrogen 

300

Fatty acids with one or more double bonds are referred to as this.

Unsaturated fatty acids

400

The hydrophobic nature of lipids is due to their abundance of these.

Hydrocarbons

500

This type of lipid does not contain fatty acids.

Steroids

Other

100

This functional group creates the N-terminus in amino acids

Amino group

200

In Gram staining, gram + bacteria with a thick cell wall appear this color. 

Purple

300

Which of the following has the lowest H+ concentration?

1. Grape juice, pH = 3.2

2. Saliva, pH = 6.6

3. Household ammonia, pH = 10.8

4. Tomato juice, pH = 4.7

Household ammonia, pH = 10.8

**the more basic = the higher the pH= the lower the H+ concentration 

**the more acidic= the lower the pH= the higher the H+ concentration

400

Give an example of hydrophilic substances that can form hydrogen bonds with water.

Glucose & NaCl

500

A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 10^-8 has a pH of

8