Cells & Cell Growth
What is the best way to determine if a cell is eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Determining if membrane bound organelles like nuclei or mitochondria are present.
What does the Fluid Mosaic Model describe?
Describes plasma/phospholipid membranes. Fluid=membranes are dynamic and semi-permeable, and Mosaic=membranes are not uniform.
What differentiates passive transport from active transport?
Passive transport does not require energy while active transport does.
How does this course define a gene?
A sequence of nucleotides that codes for a single RNA molecule and typically contains a promoter, transcript, and terminator
What is the date and time of the midterm?
Mar. 4th, 6:30-8:00pm
In a bacterial cell growth experiment in which phase is the number of cells dividing greater than the number of cells dying?
Exponential phase.
What non-covalent interactions occur in secondary protein structures and what do they do?
Hydrogen bonds between the amino groups and carboxyl groups of backbones form alpha helix and beta sheet structures.
What makes a molecule easily diffusable across the plasma membrane? What are some examples?
Being small and non-polar or uncharged like O2, CO2, H2O, etc.
What function does aminoacyl tRNA synthase perform in the flow of genetic information?
catalyzing the covalent bond between an amino acid and the correct tRNA
What are the requirements for your study sheet?
Must be: 1 page double-sided, 8.5 X 11 inch (letter sized) paper, original work you have created
What is the evidence for Endosymbiotic Theory?
Mitochondria have their own circular DNA, they have their own double plasma membranes, they have their own ribosomes all similar to prokaryotes.
What is the most important factor in the spontaneous assembly of lipid bilayers?
The increased entropy of water which increases the stability of the system overall.
Why is no energy required for small, nonpolar molecules to diffuse down their gradient?
It is energetically favourable for molecules to diffuse from areas of high concentration to low concentration because it increases entropy of the system.
What is an Open Reading Frame (ORF)?
The sequence of bases in a mature mRNA transcript starting with the start codon up to and including a stop codon.
How much of your exam grade is the group portion worth?
10%
Where is most mRNA found in a eukaryotic cell?
In the cytoplasm.
What makes a protein more difficult to denature and what does it tell you about the protein?
Stronger interactions between R groups require more energy/heat to disrupt, therefore they are more stable.
What is an electrochemical gradient?
Protons are pumped against the gradient to create a high concentration on one side of the membrane creating both an electric potential and chemical concentration gradient.
It can be used as an energy source for secondary active transport.
a tRNA has an anticodon 3' GCA 5' what is the mRNA codon, and DNA template sequence?
mRNA codon is 5' CGU 3', DNA template strand sequence is 3' GCA 5'
What content modules are covered in the midterm?
Content covered is up to and including Module 3-4