BIOL 1201 Final Review

Exam One

100

(Chapter 5) A structural difference between DNA and RNA

What is DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose

200

(Chapter 6) Primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

What is protein synthesis due to ribosomes attached to its surface?

300

(Chapter 3) Hydroxide ion concentration when the pH of the solution is 3

What is 10^-11M

400

(Chapter 4) Functional group in the molecule CH₃COOH

What is carboxyl (-COOH) ?

500

(Chapter 2) Number of neutrons in an atom of Carbon-14

What is 8 neutrons?

Exam Two

100

(Chapter 9) Three main stages of cellular respiration

What is Glycolysis, the Citric Acid Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation?

200

(Chapter 10) Two stages of photosynthesis

What are the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin Cycle?

300

(Chapter 7) The reason why plant cells do not burst when placed in a hypotonic solution

What is plant cells have a cell wall that prevents bursting and instead creates turgor pressure?

400

(Chapter 8) How enzymes speed up reactions.

What is enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction?

500

(Chapter 12/13) Difference between metaphase of mitosis and metaphase I of meiosis.

What is in mitosis individual chromosomes align and in meiosis I, homologous pairs align.

Exam Three

100

(Chapter 13) Number of chromosomes present in human cells after meiosis I.

What is 23 haploid chromosomes?

200

(Chapter 14/15) Expected phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross with unlinked genes

What is 9:3:3:1?

300

(Chapter 16) Explain complementary base pairing.

What is Adenine pairs with thymine (or uracil in RNA) via two hydrogen bonds; guanine pairs with cytosine via three hydrogen bonds.

400

(Chapter 17) Describe the three stages of translation

What is initiation (ribosome assembles around start codon), elongation (tRNA brings amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain, termination (process stops at stop codon)

500

(Chapter 14/15) Phenotypic and Genotypic ratios expected from a cross between a heterozygous tall pea plant (Tt) and a homozygous short pea plant (tt).

What is a genotypic ratio of 1 Tt: 1 tt and a phenotypic ratio of 1 tall: 1 short

Exam Four

100

(Chapter 48) Three main types of neurons

What are sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons

200

(Chapter 45) Primary difference between endocrine and nervous system communication

What is the endocrine system uses hormones with slower, longer-lasting effects and the nervous system uses electrical signals with rapid, short-term effects?

300

(Chapter 11) Define second messengers

What are small molecules or ions that relay signals inside the cell?

400

(Chapter 18) Compare repressible and inducible operons

What is repressible operons are typically on and can be turned off by a repressor-corepressor complex and inducible operons are usually off but can be activated by an inducer molecule?

500

(Chapter 50) How sound waves are converted into action potentials in the ear.

What is sound waves cause vibrations in the cochlear fluid which deflects into hair cells, opening ion channels and generating action potentials

Exam Four

100

(Chapter 50) Five types of sensory receptors

What are mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, photoreceptors, and chemoreceptors?

200

(Chapter 48) Function of the sodium-potassium pump

What is maintains resting potential by pumping three sodium ions out and two potassium ions in?

300

(Chapter 45) Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla and their functions

What are epinephrine and norepinephrine, control the fight or flight response?

400

(Chapter 11) How phosphorylation cascades amplify a cell signal

What is each activated protein kinase phosphorylates and activates multiple target molecules, exponentially increasing the signal?

500

(Chapter 18) Define epigenetic inheritance

What is heritable changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence?