Speciation
classifies species based on appearance
What is the Morphospecies/Morphological Species Concept?
the practice of naming and classifying life into categories
What is Taxonomy?
a fossil preservation bias which states that organisms whom live in areas with active sediment are more likely to be fossilized
What is Habitat Bias?
geographic region where interbreeding of hybrid offspring with intermediate fitness occurs
What are Hybrid Zones?
system for naming organisms using a genus and specific epithet
What is Binomial Nomenclature?
identifies species based on similarity in resource use and range of environmental tolerances
What is the Ecological Species Concept?
ancestral trait shared by a monophyletic group and the outgroup
What is a Symplesiomorphy?
a fossil preservation bias which states that organisms with hard parts (e.g. bones, shells) are more likely to be fossilized than those living above ground
What is the Taxonomic and Tissues Bias?
the result of secondary contact when the hybrid offspring have LOW fitness
What is Reinforcement?
speciation caused by geographical barriers
What is Allopatric Speciation?
the process by which species interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring that have a unique combination of traits that are adaptive to a particular environment
What is Speciation by Hybridization?
derived trait that defines a monophyletic group
What is a Synamorphy?
the sudden appearance and rapid diversification of most of the animal phyla extant today (541-580 mya?)
What was the Cambrian Explosion?
speciation that occurs without a geographical barrier
What is Sympatric Speciation?
fossil bias which states that organisms that are widespread and present for a long time are better represented in the fossil record
What is the Abundance Bias?
mechanisms of reproductive isolation which prevent a zygote from being formed
What is Prezygotic Isolation?
a group that includes the most recent common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendents
What is a Paraphyletic Group?
What is Adaptive Radiation?
identifies species based on evolutionary history
What is the Phylogenetic Species Concept?
this species concept cannot be used for fossils, asexually reproducing organisms, or those whose geographic range does not overlap
What is the Biological Species Concept?
an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes, all from the same species (usually due to an error in cell division)
What is Autopolyploidy?
the groundbreaking discovery (using 16 S ribosomal RNA sequencing) that revealed life is divided into THREE distinct domains
What are those domains? (answer both for full 500 pts)
What was the Woeseian Revolution?
What are Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya?
the largest mass extinction in the history of Earth
What was the End-Permian mass extinction?
differences in the shape of bindin protein determine whether sea urchin sperm will penetrate eggs is an example of this
What is a Gametic Barrier?
(reproductive isolation)
evidence including a crater off of the Gulf of Mexico and spikes of iridium, microtektites, and quartz support this
What is the Impact Hypothesis?