Digestion
What are the 5 basic flavors?
salty, bitter, sweet, sour, umami
What are the four major elements in the human body?
C, H, O, N
How is a hydrogen bond different from a covalent bond? Give an example for where each bond occurs
Hydrogen bonds are WEAKER than covalent bonds (STRONG)
hydrogen bonds = water molecule + water molecule
covalent bonds = links hydrogen atoms to an oxygen atom to form a water molecule
What is a nucleotide? What are the 3 things that makes up a nucleotide?
Nucleotides form nucleic acids. It is made up of a phosphate group, pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base
Explain acids vs bases
Acid = dissociates in water, released H+ (hydrogen ions)
Base = takes H+ atoms and/or releases OH- (hydroxide ions)
What is the role of lips for mammals?
For nursing
Define the following: molecule, compound, ion
molecule = atoms of the same element
compound = atoms of different elements
ion = charged atom due to loss/addition of electrons
If X has a pH of 4 and Y has a pH of 7, how much more acidic is X than Y?
10*10*10 = 1000x more acidic
T/F: Monosaccharides are the building blocks of proteins
false
what's the difference between a saturated vs unsaturated fat
saturated = single hydrocarbon bonds
unsaturated = has double hydrocarbon bonds
What are the four main types of teeth?
incisors (upfront, for cutting)
canines (for tearing)
premolars (for grinding)
molars (for grinding/crushing)
What is an isotope? Why is a radioactive isotope dangerous?
Isotope = atom of an element that has a different number of neutrons
Radioactive isotopes = targets and destroys cancer AND healthy cells
Covalent bond = formed when atoms share electrons
single bond = 1 pair
double bond = 2 pairs
triple bond = 3 pairs
List the 3 examples of polysaccharides
starch (energy storage for plants)
glycogen (animal)
cellulose (for structure of plant cell walls)
what is an amino acid made of?
a central carbon bonded to a hydrogen and three groups (amino, acid, and an R group)
freebie!
:)
Explain the atomic theory (protons, neutrons, electrons) and where each subatomic particle is found
proton = positive charges (nucleus)
neutron = neutral (0 charge) (nucleus)
electron = negative charge (orbital shells)
Up to how long can carbon-14 dating date materials?
Up to ~60,000 years before the present
DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded
What is a peptide?
A short chain of amino acids, not considered a protein
Order of the digestive tract?
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, SI, LI
What are the 4 macromolecules? Give an example of each
Carbohydrates = monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
Lipids = triglycerides, un/saturated fats, glycerol, phospholipid
Proteins = amino acids
Nucleic acids = nucleotides
The remains of an ibis were found near an
Egyptian tomb.
Carbon-14 dating determined that it had
1/32 the “normal” amount of 14C.
Given that the 1/2 life of 14-C is 5730 years,
How long ago did this bird die?
5*5730 years = 28,650 years
Explain how emulsifiers work
It has both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic part. Each wraps around the water and oil for mixing to happen
What bond type holds amino acids together?
Peptide bonds