BIOL 1710 Exam #3 Review

Metabolism

100

What do the words endergonic and exergonic mean?

Endergonic - Energy entering a system

Exergonic - Energy exiting a system

200

If I have a ΔG that is positive, the reaction is __________.

Endergonic

300

In a graph, the reactants have more energy than the products. This is characteristic of what type of reaction?

Exergonic

400

A reaction starts at G=27.6 and ends at G=17.2. This reaction is ____________.

Exergonic

500

If there is a ΔG of zero, the reaction is _____________.

Neither endergonic nor exergonic. No reaction occurred.

Cellular Respiration

100

What organelle is CR done in?

The mitochondria

200

Does glycolysis require aerobic conditions?

No, it is an anaerobic process.

300

What is produced by one turn of the citric acid cycle? 

2 CO₂, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH₂

400

What is formed by Oxidative phosphorolation?

28 ATP, 10 NAD⁺, 2 FAD, 6 H₂O

500

What happens if the electrons are not collected at the end of the ETC?

NADH and FADH₂ will not be able to form, and the citric acid cycle will not have the materials it needs to run, so only glycolysis will be able to continue by using fermentation

Photosynthesis

100

Photosynthesis is an _____________ reaction/process.

anabolic

200

What color of light can chlorophyll not use for photosynthesis?

Green

300

Generally, what happens in the light reactions vs. the dark reactions (Calvin Cycle)?

Light Reactions - Produces ATP and oxidized e^- carriers

Dark Reactions - Produces glucose and reduced e^- carriers

400

What is produced by light reactions?

ATP, NADPH, and O₂

500

Under what conditions can a plant complete photosynthesis?

Light, water, and CO₂ need to be present

Cell Division

100

How many chromosomes are in the human body?

46

200

What is the order of the stages in mitosis?

PPMAT

300

What are the phases of interphase, and what do they do?

G₁ - Cell begins to grow

S - DNA gets replicated/duplicated

G₂ - Cell grows and prepares to undergo mitosis

400

What are the phases of mitosis, and what happens in each?

P - Chromosomes condense

PM - Nucleolus dissolves spindle starts forming

M - Chromosomes line up and spindle reaches full length

A - Spindle attaches to separate sides of the chromosomes and pulls them apart towards seperate sides

T+C - Cells begin to form a clevage furros, rebuild the nucleolus and the spindle goes away. The cells then split forming 2 daughter cells.

500

A person has cancer. After a biopsy and a genetic workup, the doctors discover that there is an extra copy of chromosome 13. What messed up stage of mitosis caused this?

Anaphase. The chromosomes did not separate properly (Nondisjunction).

Misc.

100

Cellular respiration is a __________ reaction/process.

Catabolic

200

How many daughter cells are produced per division through mitosis?

2

300

What is the main purpose of the citric acid cycle?

to produce e^- carriers to be later used in the e^- transport chain

400

Whats the difference between a centriole and a centrosome?

Centrioles are part of the centrosomes. A centriole looks like a churro while a centrosome is 2 centrioles shaped like a T.

500

In photosynthesis, there is an ETC. CR has one too. Draw and explain these processes and explain the differences between them. 

Answers will vary.