Genetic Inheritance
The phenotype refers to...
A. Genetic information
B. Physical expression
C. DNA
D. Genotype
B. Physical expression (things that you can see)
What are the two things that the promoter does?
A. It is where the RNA polymerase sits & tells RNA polymerase where the template strand is
B. It is where the DNA polymerase sits & tells DNA polymerase where the template strand is
C. It is where translation starts, and it is where transcription ends
D. It is where helicase sits & tells RNA polymerase where the template strand is
A. It is where the RNA polymerase sits & tells RNA polymerase where the template strand is
Duplicated chromosomes that stay together & are identical to each other are called what?
A. Sister chromatids
B. Homologous chromosomes
C. Centromeres
D. Daughter chromosomes
A. Sister chromatids
A frog has 13 chromosomes. When the egg is fertilized, it has 26 chromosomes. It can also expressed as:
A. 1n
B. n
C. 3n
D. 2n
D. 2n
Cytokinesis, a phase in mitosis, is important because it splits the cell into two
A. Yes
B. Nah
B. Nah (cytokinesis is not part of mitosis)
Genes that have to do with height & skin color work additively to affect the phenotype. They are an example of...
A. Non-lethal aneuploidy
B. Epistasis
C. Polygenic Inheritance
D. Genotype
C. Polygenic Inheritance
What type of bond happens when amino acids from P site join the A site? (Translation)
a. Hydrogen bonds
b. Ionic bonds
c. Peptide bonds
c. Peptide bonds
A bacterial sample was collected & the next day there were colonies. The colonies were formed because the bacteria divided using this process:
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Binary Fission
D. Horizontal Gene transfer
C. Binary Fission
What type of cells are produced in Meiosis?
A. Somatic
B. Gametes
C. Germ cells
D. Identical cells
B. Gametes
Find the proper amino acids.
AUG ACG GCU UUU UGA
Met Thr Ala Phe STOP
When a black mouse & a white mouse love each other very much... They end up having all grey mouse babies. This is an example of...
A. Recombination
B. Non-lethal aneuploidy
C. Codominance
D. Incomplete dominance
D. Incomplete dominance
Briefly describe initiation & elongation in transcription
Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to promoter, unwinds the DNA strands & begins making a strand of mRNA at the start point.
Elongation: RNA polymerase keeps making a strand of mRNA & the DNA rewinds behind it
By which phase will the cell have twice the amount of DNA?
A. G0
B. G1
C. S phase
D. G2
D. G2 (S phase is replicating DNA, but G2 will for sure have twice the amount of DNA)
In which phase are the homologous chromosomes separated from each other?
A. Anaphase I
B. Metaphase I
C. Anaphase II
D. Metaphase II
A. Anaphase I
Which one produces two nonidentical cells?
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis I
C. Meiosis II
D. Telophase II
B. Meiosis I
Which of these are referring to traits & which are referring to characteristics?
A. Flower color
B. Green eyes
C. Brown hair
D. Hair color
E. Brown eyes
Traits:
B. C. E.
Characteristics:
A. D.
Who acts as the blueprint intermediate that has codons? (in translation)
A. tRNA
B. mRNA
C. Amino Acids
D. Ribosome
B. mRNA
1. In which of the phases do we not see a nuclear membrane at all?
2. In which of the phases do we see DNA in chromatin form?
3. In which phase do we see daughter chromosomes?
1. Metaphase & Anaphase
2. Prophase & Telophase
3. Anaphase
At the end of meiosis II we have:
How many cells?
Identical or nonidentical?
Diploid or haploid?
Four nonidentical cells that are haploid
What type of mutation is this?
Original mRNA:
AUG GGA GCA CCA GGA CAA UAA
Amino Acid
Met Gly Ala Pro Gly Gln STOP
Mutant mRNA:
AUG GGA GCA CCA AGA CAA UAA
Amino Acid
Met Gly Ala Pro Arg Gln STOP
Missense mutation
Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Cross two individuals in which one is homozygous recessive (has blue eyes) & the other is heterozygous.
B - brown eyes
b - blue eyes
What is the percentage that the genotype will be heterozygous?
What is the percentage that the genotype will be
homozygous dominant?
What is the percentage that the genotype will be homozygous recessive?
50% chance of being heterozygous
0% chance of being homozygous dominant
50% chance of being homozygous recessive
Put the following in order based on translation:
Large subunit
mRNA
Stop codon
Small subunit
Release factor
Growing polypeptide
1. mRNA
2. Small subunit
3. Large subunit
4. Growing polypeptide
5. Stop codon
6. Release factor
Name & briefly explain the 4 steps of mitosis
1. Prophase - Nuclear membrane & nucleolus starts to break down, chromatin begins to condense, & centrosomes begin moving to opposite poles
2. Metaphase - Sister chromatids are now aligned at the equatorial plate & line up parallel
3. Anaphase - Sister chromatids are separated from each other & become daughter chromosomes
4. Telophase - Nuclear envelope & nucleolus start to come back. Chromosomes start to decondense to chromatin. Dont need spindle anymore
Name & briefly explain the 4 steps of meiosis I
1. Prophase I - Nuclear membrane breaks down. DNA condenses to chromosomes. Synapsis occurs then Crossing over occurs
2. Metaphase I -Homologous chromosomes line up in series at equatorial plate
3. Anaphase I -Homologous chromosomes are separated
4. Telophase I - 2 non identical cells that are haploid are formed
Define:
Chromosome
Chromatin
Sister chromatids
Centromere
Centrosome
Daughter chromosomes
Chromosome - DNA that is condensed
Chromatin - DNA that is uncondensed wrapped around histones
Sister chromatids - Chromosomes that are together & are identical
Centromere - Region in the chromosome where the sister chromatids are attached
Centrosome - Organize the spindle
Daughter chromosomes - Sister chromatids that were separated during anaphase