Genetic Inheritance
The phenotype refers to...
A. Genetic information
B. Physical expression
C. DNA
D. Genotype
B. Physical expression (things that you can see)
In RNA splicing the...
A. Exons are cut out & introns will be expressed
B. Introns are cut out & exons will be expressed
C. 5' cap is added to the 5' end & a poly A tail is added to the 3' end
B. Introns are cut out & exons will be expressed and C
What are the three ribosome sites in order?
A. AEP
B. STD
C. ARG
D. APE
D. APE
The promoter will turn into RNA
A. True
B. False
B. False
Individual variants of any one gene are called...
A. Homozygous
B. Genes
C. Alleles
D. Proteins
C. Alleles
Genes that have to do with height & skin color work additively to affect the phenotype. They are an example of...
A. Non-lethal aneuploidy
B. Epistasis
C. Polygenic Inheritance
D. Genotype
C. Polygenic Inheritance
RNA polymerase in bacteria will fall off once it reaches...
A. End signal
B. Termination signal
C. Polyadenylation signal
D. Termination
B. Termination signal
Who acts as the blueprint intermediate that has codons?
A. tRNA
B. mRNA
C. Amino Acids
D. Ribosome
B. mRNA
Why regulate gene expression?
A. Use as much energy as possible & respond to the environment
B. Conserve energy & make many proteins all the time
C. Make certain enzymes & make use of the exergonic process
D. Conserve energy & respond to the environment
D. Conserve energy & respond to the environment
Find the proper amino acids.
AUG ACG GCU UUU UGA
Met Thr Ala Phe STOP
When a black mouse & a white mouse love each other very much... They end up having all grey mouse babies. This is an example of...
A. Recombination
B. Non-lethal aneuploidy
C. Codominance
D. Incomplete dominance
D. Incomplete dominance
What are the two things that the promoter does?
A. It is where the RNA polymerase sits & tells RNA polymerase where the template strand is
B. It is where the DNA polymerase sits & tells DNA polymerase where the template strand is
C. It is where translation starts, and it is where transcription ends
D. It is where helicase sits & tells RNA polymerase where the template strand is
A. It is where the RNA polymerase sits & tells RNA polymerase where the template strand is
Which of the following is not necessary for the translation process?
A. Release factor
B. Anticodons
C. Amino acids
D. Polyadenylation signal
E. 5' cap
D. Polyadenylation signal
1. Bacterial mRNAs are polycistronic, which means...
A. They do not have introns
B. Many ribosomes will translate one mRNA
C. The mRNAs encode for more than one protein
D. They have more than one operons
2. True or False: Bacteria need many different promoters to control their gene expression
1. C. The mRNAs encode for more than one protein
2. False
The following make up the structure of a virus except:
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Carbohydrates
D. Capsid
C. Carbohydrates
Which of these are referring to traits & which are referring to characteristics?
A. Flower color
B. Green eyes
C. Brown hair
D. Hair color
E. Brown eyes
Traits:
B. C. E.
Characteristics:
A. D.
Put the following in order based on transcription:
RNA Pol.
Cut out introns
Nucleus
Pre-mRNA
1. Nucleus, RNA polymerase, Pre-mRNA, Cut out introns
Put the following in order based on translation:
Large subunit
mRNA
Stop codon
Small subunit
Release factor
Growing polypeptide
1. mRNA
2. Small subunit
3. Large subunit
4. Growing polypeptide
5. Stop codon
6. Release factor
1. Name the 3 structures of an operon that are in the DNA
2. If the repressor is inactive would the operon be on or off?
1. Promoter, Operator, Structural genes
2. On
What type of mutation is this?
Original mRNA:
AUG GGA GCA CCA GGA CAA UAA
Amino Acid
Met Gly Ala Pro Gly Gln STOP
Mutant mRNA:
AUG GGA GCA CCA AGA CAA UAA
Amino Acid
Met Gly Ala Pro Arg Gln STOP
Missense mutation
Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Cross two individuals in which one is homozygous recessive (has blue eyes) & the other is heterozygous.
B - brown eyes
b - blue eyes
What is the percentage that the genotype will be heterozygous?
What is the percentage that the genotype will be
homozygous dominant?
What is the percentage that the genotype will be homozygous recessive?
50% chance of being heterozygous
0% chance of being homozygous dominant
50% chance of being homozygous recessive
Briefly describe initiation, elongation, & termination in transcription
Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to promoter, unwinds the DNA strands & begins making a strand of pre-mRNA at the start point.
Elongation: RNA polymerase keeps making a strand of pre-mRNA & the DNA rewinds behind it
Termination: RNA polymerase falls off the template strand when it reaches the polyadenylation signal & the pre-mRNA goes to processing (in humans)
Briefly describe initiation, elongation, & termination in translation
Initiation: Small subunit of ribosome binds to the mRNA & scans until it finds the start codon, then the large subunit attaches
Elongation: The polypeptide keeps growing by breaking the bond in the polypeptide and the tRNA at the P site to make a new peptide bond with the next amino acid
Termination: Ribosome reaches stop codon on mRNA & the release factor causes all components to separate from each other.
If a cell wanted to conserve the most energy, which pathway would it need to shut down after finishing transcription?
A. Translation
B. Protein processing
C. RNA processing
D. Chromatin modification: DNA unpacking
C. RNA processing
Find the sequence of both DNA strands:
mRNA:
5' GUC 3'
DNA:
5' _ _ _ 3'
3' _ _ _ 5'
DNA:
5' G T C 3'
3' C A G 5'