Ch 13
One of the identical copies of a chromosome.
What is a chromatid?
When two alleles for a heritable character separate (segregate) during
gamete formation and end up in different gametes.
What is the law of segregation?
4 Enzymes necessary to DNA replication.
What are the helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase?
Structure of RNA.
What is the single stranded structure that has a phosphate-ribose helix bonded to a chain of nucleotides consisting of Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, and Uracil?
A carbon attached to a phosphate group.
What is 5'?
When a cell has 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes, as well as, chromosomes that share the same length, position of centromere, and genes for the same traits.
What is a somatic cell?
Difference between a homozygote and a heterozygote.
What are the alleles from both parents?
When each parent strand is conserved and functions as a template for new
daughter strands, the replication may be described as this.
What is semi-conservative?
Difference between transcription and translation.
What are 1. The synthesis of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA using one strand of DNA as a template & 2. The synthesis of a polypeptide using genetic information in mRNA?
Monomers, polymers, and bonds in proteins.
What are amino acids -> polypeptide chain -> protein that are connected by peptide bonds?
Two events in meiosis I that produce variation in gametes and offspring.
What are crossing over and independent assortment?
Inheritance that is an additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype. For example, height is affected by over 180 genes.
What is polygenic inheritance?
Differences between lagging and leading strands.
What are the directions and growth of each strand? Lagging: Towards replication fork, continuous growth. Leading: Away from fork, in short fragments.
3 DNA bases that code for an amino acid.
What is a codon?
Haemophilia A is a blood clotting disorder caused by a genetic deficiency in clotting factor VIII. The lack of this gene is mainly caused by the reversing of gene sequences.
What is inversion?
Name all the meiosis mitotic phases in order.
What are Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase and Cytokinesis I, Interkinesis, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase and Cytokinesis II?
Identify the blood type and degree of dominance.
What is codominance & slide 49, figure 14.11?
Name the 4 people you must know for the exam and why they are renowned.
RNA Polymerase binds to DNA at AUG and unwinds the DNA. Then, it reads the DNA and adds complimentary bases. Once it has reached UAA, UGA, or UAG, RNA is released and transcription stops.
Draw a pedigree with a key.
Correct drawing and explanation will receive 400 points
Name 6 chromosomal abnormalities and their definitions.
Slide 28 in Powerpoint.
Fill out the independent assortment punnet square.
Draw DNA being replicated and explain what is taking place.
Correct drawing and explanation will receive 500 points.
3 types of RNA and their function.
What are 1. mRNA 2. rRNA 3. tRNA? 1. Carries instructions for polypeptide synthesis from DNA to ribosome 2. Combines with protein to form subunits of the ribosome 3. Carries amino acids to ribosomes.
Draw and label a ribosome creating a polypeptide chain.
Correct drawing and explanation will receive 500 points.