Protist
The generation and emission of light by an organism, as in dinoflagellates
Bioluminescence
It can occur without oxygen.
Anoxic
The organism that produces organic molecules from small inorganic compounds
autotroph
The aboveground portion of the plant; consists of nonreproductive plant parts, such as leaves and stems, and reproductive parts, such as flowers and fruits
shoot system
The outer loose layer that covers the surface of Earth
soil
The vesicle that fills with water (as it enters the cell by osmosis) and then contracts to squeeze water from the cell; an osmoregulatory vesicle
Contractile vacuole
This refers to organisms that grow without oxygen
anaerobic
The biological substance that, in low concentration, is antagonistic to the growth of prokaryotes also known as a cure to a sickness
antibiotic
The belowground portion of the plant that supports the plant and absorbs water and minerals
root system
The nutrient required in small amounts; also called trace element
micronutrient
The process by which inorganic carbon is fixed by photosynthetic species that then die and fall to the sea floor where they cannot be reached by saprobes and their carbon dioxide consumption cannot be returned to the atmosphere
Biological carbon pump
This occurs the organisms that use oxygen
aerobic
The bacteria that evolved from early phototrophs and oxygenated the atmosphere; also known as blue-green algae
cyanobacteria
The stalk of the leaf
petiole
The nutrient that is required in large amounts for plant growth; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur
macronutrient
The engulfment of one cell within another such that the engulfed cell survives, and both cells benefit; the process responsible for the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotes
Endosymbiosis
The
microbial community that is held together by a gummy-textured matrix
biofilm
The disease produced by the toxin of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum also can occur in home canning if not done right
botulism
The plant region of continuous growth
The organic material of soil; made up of microorganisms, dead animals, and plants in varying stages of decay
humus
The oldest fossil evidence of eukaryotes is how many years old?
2 billion years old
These represent the earliest fossil record of life on Earth
Prokaryotes
The devastating pandemic that is believed to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis
Black Death
These respond to light by changes in morphology and activity.
Plants
This is absorbed by the plant root, transports nutrients throughout the plant, and maintains the structure of the plant.
water