Blood
Heart
Cardiac Cycles
Blood Vessels
Lymphatics
100
What is the difference between blood plasma and serum?
Blood Plasma contains the clotting factor (fibrinogen), while serum does not contain this.
100
Which blood vessel contains the most oxygenated blood?
pulmonary vein
100
What are the two factors for Cardiac Output
CO = HR x SV
100
What is hypovolemic shock?
Shock due to loss of blood volume
100
What is a function of the lymphatic system?
Recovers fluid/lipid absorption
Activate immune responses
Return fluids back to bloodstream
200
What kind of leukocyte is shown in the image below?
Basophil
200
Name the three layers of the heart wall.
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
200
What are the four phases to the cardiac cycle?
1) Ventricular Filling
2) Isovolumetric Contraction
3) Ventricular Ejection
4) Ventricular Relaxation
200
Name one method for blood to travel back to the heart.
Any of the following is acceptable:
Pressure Gradient, Gravity, Skeletal muscle pump, Thoracic pump, Cardiac suction
200
What are the two collecting ducts in the lymphatic system?
Right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
300
List the three forms hemostasis.
Vascular spasm, platelet plug form, coagulation
300
What structure prevents AV valves from flipping into the atria during contractions?
chordae tendineae
300
Why do we hear the heart sounds? What causes them?
Closure of the valves; First sound is the closure of the AV valve, second valve is the closure of the semilunar valve
300
How does the brain control its blood flow?
Measuring the CO2 concentration through the pH
CO2 + H2O <--> H2CO3 <--> H+ + (HCO3)-
300
What are the primary lymphatic organs?
Red bone marrow and thymus
400
What is the blood type in the image above?
A-
400
Which type of cardiac arrhythmia is shown below?
Atrial fibrillation
400
What are the three factors that affect stroke volume?
Preload, Contractility, Afterload
400
Calculate the MAP from a BP of 135/75.
MAP = DAP + 1/3*PP
PP = SAP - DAP = 135-75 = 60 mmHg
MAP = 75 + 1/3*60 = 95 mmHg
400
What is the function of the spleen?
Recycles red blood cells
Monitors blood for foreign antigens
Stabilizes blood volume
500
How does one treat Maternal-Fetal Blood Type Mismatches?
Mother is treated with RhoGAM, which binds to the mother's agglutinogens and prevents her from creating anti-D antibodies
500
What ion is important for a longer depolarization event in the myocardium?
Calcium (Ca+)
500
What do positive inotropic agents do?
Raise calcium levels to increase contractility
500
Which hormone is a potent vasoconstrictor?
Angiotensin II
500
How does the lymphatic system absorb lipids?
Lacteals absorb the dietary lipids that cannot be absorbed by capillaries.