Blood Typing
What is agglutination and why do we use/look for it?
Agglutination = clumping of blood
We use it in order to determine unknown blood types!
What is my MCV if my % hematocrit is 78% and my RBC count is 9 x 106 mm3?
86.67 MCV
Explain what vasoconstriction & vasodilation of your blood vessels mean?
Vasodilation = dilation (opening) of your blood vessels. Vasoconstriction = the tightening or constriction of your blood vessels (less blood flow)
An EKG is a machine that is a measure of _______ of the heart
electrical activity
What is cardiac output? What is the equation to find it out?
Cardiac Output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart each minute. Equation is:
- HR x Stroke Volume
Explain what antigens & antibodies are (A, B, Rh)... use this to answer the following:
What antigens and antibodies are present in an AB- individual? (Assume individual has been exposed to Rh positive blood beforehand)
Antigens: A, B
Antibodies: Rh
What is my MCHC if my % hematocrit is 51% and my hemoglobin conc is 16 g/100 mL? (hint: units is g/dL)
31.4 g/dL
There are 4 main valves located in the heart. Which 2 are the Atrioventricular (AV) valves, and which 2 are the semilunar (SL) valves?
AV = tricuspid & bicuspid/mitral
SL = pulmonary & aortic
The p-wave represents:
atrial depolarization (atrial contracts)
How do I find pulse pressure?
How do I find Mean Arterial Pressure?
Pulse pressure = systolic - diastolic
MAP = diastolic + ⅓ (pulse pressure)
YOU NEED PULSE PRESSURE FIRST TO FIND MAP
Where do we find antigens & antibodies in blood?
Antigens = surface of RBCs
Antibodies = plasma
What is my MCV if my % hematocrit is 61% and my RBC count is 6.5 x 106 mm3?
93.8 MCV
What structure in the heart prevents the back-flow of blood?
valves
The QRS segment represents:
(hint: there are 2 main things going on during this)
Ventricular depolarization
Atrial repolarization
If a person's heart rate is 90 bpm and stroke volume is 60 ml, what is their Cardiac Output (CO)?
5400 mL/min
What is the universal donor and acceptor? Explain WHY
Donor: O- (b/c it has no antigens... meaning it can be donated to anyone because of no antigens present)
Acceptor: AB+ (b/c it has no antibodies... meaning it can't fight off any foreign blood b/c no antibodies present)
What is my MCHC if my % hematocrit is 29.9% and my hemoglobin conc is 11.57 g/100 mL? (hint: units is g/dL)
38.7 g/dL
Map out the pathway of ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION in your heart starting from what causes the electrical stimulation.
SA Node (spontaneous depolarization) → AV node → Bundle of His → Right/Left Bundle Branches → Purkinje Fibers
The t-wave represents:
Ventricular repolarization
If a person's systolic pressure is 145 mmHg, and diastolic pressure is 98 mmHg, what is their Pulse Pressure (PP)?
47 mmHg
Assume you were given the individual, Mr. Doe, and performed a test to find his blood type and these were the results:
Anti-serum A: no agglutination
Anti-serum B: agglutination present
Anti-serum Rh: agglutination present
What is his blood type?
B+
Given a standard of hemoglobin concentration of 17.5 g Hb/100 mL and an absorbance of 0.593, what is the [Hb] of an unknown sample with an absorbance of 0.492?
14.52 Hb/100mL
Map out the ENTIRE pathway of blood (from deoxygenated blood into the RA --> oxygenated blood leaving from the aorta)
Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Trunk → Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → LUNGS (GAS EXCHANGE) → Pulmonary Vein → Left Atrium → Bicuspid/Mitral Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Trunk → Aortic Valve → Leaves through Aorta
The ventricles are anatomically larger than the atria... this means that they require more time and blood to fill up. This reflects on the EKG (which is why the QRS peak is much larger compared to the p-wave)
If a person's systolic pressure is 111 mmHg, and diastolic pressure is 69 mmHg, what is their Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
83 mmHg