Circulatory System
Name one gas that the circulatory system transports.
O2, CO2
Which type of hormone needs a receptor to pass the plasma membrane?
Polar Hormone
Where does protein digestion begin?
The stomach
What is the first step in cellular respiration?
Glycolysis
Are proteins good to use for energy?
No because we may loose muscle mass.
What is the Stroke volume (SV)?
Blood pumped/beat by each ventricle
Which two hormones are stored and released in the posterior pituitary?
ADH and oxytocin
What's the difference between digestion and absorption?
Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules, while absorption is the process of taking those broken-down nutrients from the digestive tract and moving them into the bloodstream to be used by the body
Under what circumstances would the lactic acid pathway occur?
When there is no oxygen to complete the
breakdown of glucose
What is Ghrelin?
Produced by stomach, hunger stimulating peptide
What is End diastolic volume (EDV)?
Volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
Where is ADH produced?
The hypothalamus
Where does most digestion and absorption
occur?
Small Intestine
What is glycogenolysis?
The process of breaking down glycogen, a storage form of glucose, into glucose to produce energy for the body
What is the adipostat?
Mechanisms that defend a set amount of
adipose tissue
What is the difference between the pulmonary and systemic system?
Systemic circulation transports oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body. Pulmonary circulation brings deoxygenated blood back to the heart then too the lungs.
What does aldosterone do?
Stimulates kidneys to reabsorb Na+ and secrete K+. Helps with water retention.
Explain where and how fat digestion begins.
Fat digestion begins in duodenum when bile
emulsifies the fat and the pancreatic enzyme
lipase breaks it down into fatty acids.
How do coupled reactions work in terms of endergonic and exergonic reactions?
Coupled processes allow food to be
broken down (exergonic) so that can be
used to turn ADP into ATP (endergonic)
What BMI is considered obese?
BMI over 30 = Obese
What are your kidney's two systems for increasing volume?
1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
2. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Explain how the anterior pituitary is under negative feedback control.
The final product from the target organ regulates secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.
How does enterokinase function as the initial activator of the digestive process in the small intestine?
By converting the inactive precursor trypsinogen into its active form, trypsin, which then triggers the activation of other digestive enzymes necessary for proper protein breakdown
How many amino acids can our body naturally make?
Our bodies can make 12 of the 20 amino acids
from other molecules.
What type of cells secrete insulin and what type of cells secrete glucagon?
Beta cells: secrete insulin
Alpha cells: secrete glucagon