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Microbial Growth
Microbial Nutrition
Control of Microorganisms
Metabolism - Energy and enzymes
More microbial growth! : )
100
This is the major disadvantage of direct cell count methods.
What is the difficulties in distinguishing between living and dead cells.
100
This is an example of a primary active transporter.
What is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter
100
These conditions influence the effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent.
What is Population Size, Population Composition, Concentration or intensity of the antimicrobial agent, Duration of exposure (contact time), temperature and local environment
100
When electrons move from a reductant to an acceptor with a more ________ redox potential, free energy is released (can be used to make ATP)
What is positive.
100
This is the autoinducer molecule produced by many gram negative organisms.
What is acylhomoserine lactone.
200
A higher absorbance reading would indicate this.
What is a higher number of cells present.
200
A microorganism whose carbon is from an organic carbon source, whose energy source is from inorganic chemicals and uses an inorganic electron donor.
What is a chemolithoheterotroph.
200
These are the physical control methods of microorganism control.
What are Heat (dry heat; moist heat), Low temperatures, Filtration and Radiation (ultraviolet radiation; ionizing radiation)
200
This is what contains the energy in the ATP molecule.
What is the high-energy bond that attaches the third phosphate.
200
These are three common media components.
What are Peptones (Protein hydrolysates prepared by partial digestion of various protein sources), Extracts (Aqueous extracts, usually of beef or yeast), and Agar (Sulfated polysaccharide used to solidify liquid media, Usually extracted from red algae)
300
These are the physical factors that influence bacterial growth.
What are solute concentration and water activity, pH, Temperature, Oxygen Concentration, Pressure
300
What is a siderophore?
specialized iron-binding protein used to obtain necessary quantities of iron, Siderophores complex with ferric ion, Complex is then transported into cell
300
These are the values associated with HTST in pasteurization.
What is a temperature of 72C for no less than 16 seconds.
300
(endergonic/exergonic) breakdown of ATP is coupled with (endergonic/exergonic) reactions to make them more favorable.
What is 1 - exergonic 2 - endergonic
300
Strategies of isolated an organism of interest.
Manipulate conditions to favor growth of organism sought, while minimizing growth of other organisms present – utilize any unusual growth requirements for the organism sought (selective media) Differentiate based on appearance (differential media)
400
These are two adaptions of microorganisms that allow them to survive in pH extremes.
What is synthesis of chaperone proteins and changing pH of their normal habitat by producing acidic or basic products.
400
This is the difference between primary and secondary active transporters.
What is primary active transporters use ATP hydrolysis to provide energy for transport while secondary active transporters use the potential energy of ion gradients.
400
These are the two mechanisms by which freezing can control microbial populations.
What is 1- Stops microbial reproduction due to lack of liquid water 2- Some microorganisms killed by ice crystal disruption of cell membranes
400
These are the factors that can make up an enzyme.
What is Apoenzyme = protein component of an enzyme Cofactor = non-protein component of an enzyme -Prosthetic group – firmly attached -Coenzyme – loosely attached Holoenzyme = apoenzyme + cofactor
400
These are the advantages and disadvantages of turbidometric measurement.
Advantages: Simple; fast, Non-destructive (can follow growth over time) Disadvantages: 1- Lacks sensitivity (requires large number of cells) 2- Does not distinguish living and dead cells 3- A “clear” solution may contain some organisms
500
This is the primary mechanism of damage of ultraviolet radiation.
What is the formation of thymine dimers in DNA
500
This is observed at high solute concentrations with carrier proteins.
What is the carrier saturation effect.
500
This is an example of a heavy metal used as a chemical control agent.
Some hospitals use 1% solution silver nitrate in eyes of infants to prevent ophthalmic gonorrhea.
500
Glucose is (highly oxidized/highly reduced) and thus contains potential energy – can be (oxidized/reduced) in a stepwise manner to (release/store) energy and (release/store) it as ATP.
What is 1 - highly reduced 2 - oxidized 3 - release 4 - store
500
These are the advantages and disadvantages of electronic counters.
Advantages: - Fast, Useful for large microorganisms and blood cells Disadvantage: - Not useful for prokaryotes (clusters; debris interference) - Cannot distinguish living from dead